Parallelism

Parallelism : 

Parallelism 1

What is parallelism? : 

What is parallelism? Parallelism means using similar structures to express similar ideas. Parallel structures make sentences clearer and easier to read. Editing for parallel structure helps you avoid awkward sentences and keeps you from breaking your promise to the reader.

What is parallelism in grammar? : 

What is parallelism in grammar? The best way to understand the idea of parallelism is to look at examples. For example: (Not parallel) We wanted to cook and to go swimming. (Parallel) We wanted to cook and to swim. 3

More samples: : 

More samples: Not parallel He is talented, intelligent and has charm. Parallel He is talented, intelligent and charming. 4

Don’t create problems by mixing grammatical elements. : 

Non-parallel structure looks like this: Don’t create problems by mixing grammatical elements. Shane , , and Shane , , and . .

Slide 6: 

WRONG: Did you know that you have a purpose, that you are needed, and we love you? RIGHT: Did you know that you have a purpose, that you are needed, and that you are loved?

Slide 7: 

WRONG: A good attitude, being on time, and speaking effectively are her attributes. RIGHT: Having a good attitude, being on time, and speaking effectively are her attributes.

Slide 8: 

WRONG: This proposal is profitable, timely, and it helps us. RIGHT: This proposal is profitable, timely, and helpful.

Example: : 

Example: I like to write, read, and studying. I like to write, to read and to study grammar. I like writing, reading, and studying grammar. Promise broken

Now you try. Which sentence is parallel? : 

Now you try. Which sentence is parallel? This semester I’m studying art, music, and taking a math course. This semester I’m studying art, music, and math.

Tip #1: Be sure that words and phrases joined by coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) are parallel. : 

Tip #1: Be sure that words and phrases joined by coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) are parallel. You can pay me now, or it’s okay if you pay me later. You can pay me now or pay me later. You can pay me now, or you can pay me later. OK Not parallel

Tip #2: Watch words and phrases joined by correlative conjunctions like both…and, either…or, and rather…than. : 

Tip #2: Watch words and phrases joined by correlative conjunctions like both…and, either…or, and rather…than. Both biology and medicine are good professions. I would rather stay up late to finish this paper than get up early in the morning.

Tip #3: Watch words and phrases in series or lists. : 

Tip #3: Watch words and phrases in series or lists. In the workshop, I learned some good study tips: How to take good notes Reading actively That it’s important to get enough sleep In the workshop, I learned some good study tips: Take notes Read actively Get enough sleep Not parallel OK

LET’S PRACTICE!!! : 

LET’S PRACTICE!!! Many gases are invisible, odorless, and they have no taste. Many gases are invisible, odorless, and tasteless. Mr. Foster is not only an excellent barber but also sings well. Mr. Foster is not only an excellent barber but also a good singer.

LET’S PRACTICE A LITTLE MORE!!! : 

LET’S PRACTICE A LITTLE MORE!!! Three of the steps in filing are to code, to sort, and storing. Three of the steps in filing are to code, to sort, and to store. Without federal taxes, we would have neither an army or a navy. Without federal taxes, we would have neither an army nor a navy.

Item 1 : 

Item 1 Barking dogs, kittens that were meowing, and squawking parakeets greet the pet shop visitors. Barking dogs, meowing kittens, and squawking parakeets greet the pet shop visitors. Dogs that bark, kittens that meow, and parakeets squawking greet the pet shop visitors. Barking dogs, kittens that were meowing, and squawking parakeets greet the pet shop visitors. Barking dogs, meowing kittens, and squawking parakeets greet the pet shop visitors. Dogs that bark, kittens that meow, and parakeets squawking greet the pet shop visitors.

Item 2 : 

Item 2 During class, Samuel spent his time flirting with Brittney, eating candy, and doodling on the assignment sheet. During class, Samuel spent his time flirting with Brittney, he ate candy, and doodling on the assignment sheet. During class, Samuel spent his time to flirt with Brittney, to eat candy, and doodling on the assignment sheet. During class, Samuel spent his time flirting with Brittney, eating candy, and doodling on the assignment sheet. During class, Samuel spent his time flirting with Brittney, he ate candy, and doodling on the assignment sheet. During class, Samuel spent his time to flirt with Brittney, to eat candy, and doodling on the assignment sheet.

Item 3 : 

Item 3 Alex looked everywhere for his math book—under the bed, on his desk, and he searched inside the refrigerator. Alex looked everywhere for his math book—viewing under the bed, searching on his desk, and inside the refrigerator. Alex looked everywhere for his math book—under the bed, on his desk, and inside the refrigerator. Alex looked everywhere for his math book—under the bed, on his desk, and he searched inside the refrigerator. Alex looked everywhere for his math book—viewing under the bed, searching on his desk, and inside the refrigerator. Alex looked everywhere for his math book—under the bed, on his desk, and inside the refrigerator.

Item 4 : 

Item 4 The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, smiled at the customers, and didn’t snack on the chicken nuggets. The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, would be smiling at the customers, and would not be snacking on the chicken nuggets. The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, smiled at the customers, and no snacking on the chicken nuggets. The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, smiled at the customers, and didn’t snack on the chicken nuggets. The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, would be smiling at the customers, and would not be snacking on the chicken nuggets. The manager wanted staff who arrived on time, smiled at the customers, and no snacking on the chicken nuggets.

Item 5 : 

Item 5 After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to tolerate his late night calls, stupid conversations, and requests for her math homework. After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to tolerate his late night calls, the fact that he carried on stupid conversations, and requests for her math homework. After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to tolerate being woken up late at night, having stupid conversations, and he constantly requested her math homework. After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to tolerate his late night calls, stupid conversations, and requests for her math homework. After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to tolerate his late night calls, the fact that he carried on stupid conversations, and requests for her math homework. After giving Jeremy her phone number, Felicia had to tolerate being woken up late at night, having stupid conversations, and he constantly requested her math homework.

Item 6 : 

Item 6 Pasta boiling in water, __________, and garlic bread baking in the oven welcomed Francisco as he opened the door. simmered tomato sauce in the pan tomato sauce simmering in the pan tomato sauce that simmered in the pan saucy tomatoes that were simmering in the pan Pasta boiling in water, __________, and garlic bread baking in the oven welcomed Francisco as he opened the door. simmered tomato sauce in the pan tomato sauce simmering in the pan tomato sauce that simmered in the pan saucy tomatoes that were simmering in the pan

Item 7 : 

Item 7 During our vacation in the Bahamas, we hope __________, to enjoy beautiful sunsets, and to dance ourselves dizzy at reggae clubs. that we eat delicious seafood that eating delicious seafood occurs to eat delicious seafood eating delicious seafood During our vacation in the Bahamas, we hope __________, to enjoy beautiful sunsets, and to dance ourselves dizzy at reggae clubs. that we eat delicious seafood that eating delicious seafood occurs to eat delicious seafood eating delicious seafood

Item 8 : 

Item 8 Karen wished Ray chewed with his mouth closed, for otherwise he was everything she wanted in a date; he was tall, intelligent, and __________. he looked good being good looking one handsome man to look at handsome Karen wished Ray chewed with his mouth closed, for otherwise he was everything she wanted in a date; he was tall, intelligent, and __________. he looked good being good looking one handsome man to look at handsome

Item 9 : 

Item 9 To win Laurie’s love, Albert visited the florist for roses, the drugstore for a box of chocolates, and __________. bought an expensive gold necklace at the jewelry store the jeweler for an expensive gold necklace the jeweler where he bought an expensive gold necklace to buy an expensive gold necklace To win Laurie’s love, Albert visited the florist for roses, the drugstore for a box of chocolates, and __________. bought an expensive gold necklace at the jewelry store the jeweler for an expensive gold necklace the jeweler where he bought an expensive gold necklace to buy an expensive gold necklace

Item 10 : 

Item 10 Kimberly won’t date Terry because he is too short, too noisy, and _________. because he picks his teeth with his fingers too impolite is the most impolite man she has ever met Picking his teeth with his fingers Kimberly won’t date Terry because he is too short, too noisy, and _________. because he picks his teeth with his fingers too impolite is the most impolite man she has ever met Picking his teeth with his fingers