Management overview

Management :Jameel Pathan Management By. Jameel Pathan ICFAI National College, Nanded Jameel.amd@gmail.com 09764209311


Slide 2 :Jameel Pathan Organization Organization is a system which operates through human activity. Organizations are very complex social formations, their links can’t be described with only one theory. Organization Theories concerns 3 levels: Macro: cooperation among different organization Mezzo: structures of the organizations, and influencing factors Micro: behavior of the members of the organizations, motivation, conflict etc.


Slide 3 :Jameel Pathan What is Management? Definition: Coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people Efficiency: getting the most output from the least input Effectiveness: completing activities so that the organization’s goals are attained.


Management is… :Jameel Pathan Management is…


Managerial Roles :Jameel Pathan Managerial Roles


Management Functions :Jameel Pathan Management Functions


Levels of Management :Jameel Pathan Levels of Management Top Level Management Middle Level Management First-Line Management


Top Managers :Jameel Pathan Top Managers


Middle Managers :Jameel Pathan Middle Managers


First-Line Managers :Jameel Pathan First-Line Managers


What Companies Look for in Managers :Jameel Pathan What Companies Look for in Managers


Slide 12 :Jameel Pathan Core skills and their use in the different levels Conceptual skills Human skills Technical skills Managerial levels Lower Middle Top


Slide 13 :Jameel Pathan Management Theory Pre-Classical Classical Approaches Frederick Taylor: Scientific Management (1886) Frank and Lillian Gilbreth: Time/motion studies (later 1800s) Henri Fayol: 14 Principles of Management (1880s-1890s) Max Weber : Bureaucracy (1920s) Behavioral Approaches The Hawthorne Experiment (1927) MacGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y (1960) Quantitative Approaches Contemporary Approaches Ouchi’s Theory Z (1981) Contingency Management


Slide 14 :Jameel Pathan Classical Approaches Frederick Taylor: Scientific Management (1886) Frank and Lillian Gilbreth: Time and motion studies (later 1800s) Henri Fayol: Fourteen Principles of Management (1880s-1890s) Max Weber : Bureaucracy (1920s)


Slide 15 :Jameel Pathan Frederick W. Taylor Developed Scientific Management Laid foundation for the study of management Key ideas: Management as a separate field of study Explicit guidelines for scientific study of management functions Time studies for setting standards Functional specialization of managers’ duties Piece-rate Incentive systems


Slide 16 :Jameel Pathan Taylor’s Principles of Management The “one best way.” Management using scientific observation Scientific selection of personnel Put right worker in right job, find limitations, train Financial incentives Putting right worker in right job not enough A system of financial incentives is also needed Functional foremanship Division of labor between manager and workers Manager plans, prepares, inspects Worker does the actual work “Functional foremen” , specialized experts, responsible for specific aspects of the job


Slide 17 :Jameel Pathan Frank & Lillian Gilbreth Time and motion efficiency experts Developed therbligs, breakdown of manual skills into 16 actions Frank was a lazy bricklayer looking for an easier way and Lillian was a psychologist. Endorsed piece-work and suggested a higher rate per unit if his directions were followed. Disagreed with Taylor’s idea that management should choose which workers took which jobs.


Slide 18 :Jameel Pathan Henri Fayol First came up with the five basic functions of management—Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Communicating, and Controlling First wrote that management is a set of principles which can be learned. Developed Fourteen Principles of Management


HENRI FAYOL’s FOURTEEN PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT :Jameel Pathan HENRI FAYOL’s FOURTEEN PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT HENRI FAYOL’s FOURTEEN PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT


Slide 20 :Jameel Pathan 1. Specialization of labor. Specializing encourages continuous improvement in skills and the development of improvements in methods. 2. Authority. The right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. 3. Discipline. No slacking, bending of rules. 4. Unity of command. Each employee has one and only one boss. 5. Unity of direction. A single mind generates a single plan and all play their part in that plan. 6. Subordination of Individual Interests. When at work, only work things should be pursued or thought about. 7. Remuneration. Employees receive fair payment for services, not what the company can get away with.


Slide 21 :Jameel Pathan 8. Centralization. Consolidation of management functions. Decisions are made from the top. 9. Scalar Chain (line of authority). Formal chain of command running from top to bottom of the organization, like military 10. Order. All materials and personnel have a prescribed place, and they must remain there. 11. Equity. Equality of treatment (but not necessarily identical treatment) 12. Personnel Tenure. Limited turnover of personnel. Lifetime employment for good workers. 13. Initiative. Thinking out a plan and do what it takes to make it happen. 14. Esprit de corps. Harmony, cohesion among personnel.


Slide 22 :Jameel Pathan Max Weber Coined “bureaucracy”: the perfect office Well defined chain of command Clear division of work (job descriptions) Procedures for any situation Impersonality Employment and promotion based on technical competence.


Slide 23 :Jameel Pathan Behavioral Approaches The Hawthorne Experiment (1927) Chester Barnard (1930s – 1960s) Herbert Simon (1947) MacGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y (1960)


Slide 24 :Jameel Pathan The Hawthorne Experiment Research conducted at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company near Chicago, 1927-1937 Initial study: effects of lighting on worker performance But the “Hawthorne Effect” was instead identified The workers values, desires, and needs may be more important than physical conditions. Workers want to have input. Workers want to be respected.


Slide 25 :Jameel Pathan Theories X and Y Conducted in 1960s by Douglas McGregor Theory X: classical theory Most people dislike work and responsibility, they are motivated only by money and do not care about the job. Close supervision is required and people must be carefully controlled and coerced into working Average person prefers direction


Slide 26 :Jameel Pathan Theories X and Y Theory Y: Modern Management Theory People often enjoy their work and will exercise self-control at work. People are motivated by wanting to do a good job and will do well if the opportunity is presented People have capacity for imagination, ingenuity, and creativity People enjoy expending physical and mental effort in work as much as play and rest


Slide 27 :Jameel Pathan Contemporary Approaches Ouchi’s Theory Z (1981) Contingency Management


Slide 28 :Jameel Pathan Ouchi’s Theory Z Theory Z Value of culture in an industrial society Intimate and cooperative work relationships Alienated in work environment in which family ties, traditions, and social institutions are minimized Workers have strong sense of moral obligation, discipline and order


Slide 29 :Jameel Pathan Contingency Management Managing in Different and Changing Situations Require managers to use different approaches and techniques Contingency perspective - different ways of managing are required in different organizations and different circumstances stresses that there are no simplistic or universal rules contingency variable © Prentice Hall, 2002


Brief :Jameel Pathan Brief Behavioral Mary Parker Follet : “Power Sharing” Chris Argyris: Model I & Model II Organisations Quantitative Approach Management Science Operation Management MIS System Theory