BioTechnology

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BIOTECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION : 

INTRODUCTION Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. The modification of plants and animals can increase their value in agricultural applications. By studying the gene responsible for specific traits,it becomes possible to change the expression of those gene in a controlled manner,resulting in a desire change.

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Traditional agriculture relies on crossbreeding and hybridization to improve the nutritional qualities & quantity of food crops and domesticated animals. Genetic modification of crops has produced herbicide resistant strains,insect resistant strains,enriched foods,and improved industial products. Transgenic crops can also be used for improvement in the production of sugars, fatty acids, starches, celluloses, rubber and wax that are traditionally obtained from plants.

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Transgenic corn containing insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria can prevent corn borer infestations without chemical crop dusting that is toxic to humans and also kills beneficial insects.

TREE BIOTECHNOLOGY : 

TREE BIOTECHNOLOGY Trees are an important renewable resource but have not been domisticated and grown as crops. Unlike food crops,most trees do not reach reproductive age for 10 years or more. Some tree species require well over a century to reach economic viability.But using genetic engineering it is possible to develop faster, straighter and taller-growing trees.

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An early goal of forest scientists has been to produce trees with less lignin, avoiding expensive and environmentally toxic producer. Removal of lignin for paper production requires an enormous amount of energy and chemicals. Some tree require well over a century to reach economic viability.

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Some tree require well over a century to reach economic viability. Using genetic engineering to develop faster,straighter and taller growing trees can potentially fill a market need while preserving old growth forests.

BIOCLIP : 

BIOCLIP Bioclip is a wool harvesting process with the main goal of harvesting the wool from young sheep without injury, was developed by CSIRO animal production and is currently being marketed. Bioclip has the potential to reduce stress, cuts, and injury to sheep, while producing higher quality fleece.

ADVANTAGES OF BIOCLIP : 

ADVANTAGES OF BIOCLIP It lowering the need for chemical control and the risk of contaminated wool in processing. It uses a naturally occuring protein that causes sheep to shed their fleece. A protien causes a natural break in wool fibers.

MOLECULAR FARMING : 

MOLECULAR FARMING Molecular farming produces useful products from domisticated plants and animals through genetic engineering. It involves the use of plants, and potentially also animals, as the means to produce compounds of therapeutic value.

APPLICATION : 

APPLICATION A non therapeutic application of molecular farming is the mass production of spider silk. Nexia biotechnologies has produce dragline spider silk in laboratory condition. It includes artificial ways to “spin” the proteins into silk in the lab to produce large quantities of the proteins by introducing the engineered genes into other organisms such as bacteria, plants, and even larger animals like goats (in mammary glands).

PHARMING : 

PHARMING Production of theraputic vaccines in endemic crops such as bananas and potatoes,or chicken eggs,can enable local farmers to manufacture medicines without the need for sophisticated production techniques or expensive purification method.

ADVANTAGE : 

ADVANTAGE Pharming is that it can decrease the cost of drug manufacturing.

CHALLENGES : 

CHALLENGES Techniques to insert genes into plants are well established, but a remaining challenge for agricultural biotechnology is the realization of desired modifications. Genome size Gene may be unstable Public acceptance Health problems

REFERENCES : 

REFERENCES BOOK: Friedman, Yali (2006) : Textbook of Building Biotechnology, Second edition, thinkBiotech publisher, pp: 58 – 62. WEBSITE: www.greenbiotech.com

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