Topic 1 - Minerals

Topic 1: Minerals: 

Topic 1: Minerals

Minerals Must…: 

Minerals Must… Occur naturally Be inorganic Be a solid Have an internal structure

PowerPoint Presentation: 

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Definitions: 

Definitions Mineral - pure, naturally occurring, non-living crystalline materials Ex. Fluorite, Topaz

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Rock – solid mass made up of one or more minerals that occurs naturally Earth’s Crust - thin outer most layer of the earth Geode – limestone rock with quartz inside

Examples of a rocks and minerals they are made of:: 

Examples of a rocks and minerals they are made of: Granite- contains: feldspar (sparkling grains), quartz (glassy grains), mica (grey flakes), and hornblende (dark flecks)- used for buildings, countertops, statues

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Element - made of one type of particle, cannot be broken down any further Ex. Gold, Copper, Diamond Compound – 2 or more elements combined Ex. Quartz – silicon and oxygen

Examples of minerals and elements they are made of:: 

Examples of minerals and elements they are made of:

Mineral Identification: 

Mineral Identification Hardness Crystals Lustre Color Streak Cleavage Fracture

Which one is real gold? Which is pyrite (fool's gold)?: 

Which one is real gold? Which is pyrite (fool's gold)?

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Both are almost identical in appearance, but the value of gold is high and the value of pyrite is almost worthless. We must test other properties before we can determine which mineral is which.

Moh’s Hardness Scale: 

Moh’s Hardness Scale How to rate how hard a mineral is or it’s “scratchability” Copy chart on page 355 into notes

PowerPoint Presentation: 

10 minerals with a hardness of 1 – 10 Hardest? Softest? What could diamond be used for?

Scratch Test: 

Scratch Test 1. Pick a specimen (rock or mineral) 2. Use your specimen to scratch the talc (hardness 1) 3. Observe if the specimen scratches the talc 4. If yes, then repeat steps with the gypsum (hardness 2).If no, then the specimen is hardness 1. Remember: the specimen fits in between the softer mineral it scratches and the harder material it doesn't scratch.

Crystals: 

Crystals Crystals - building blocks of minerals They have straight edges, flat sides and regular angles 6 major crystal systems Record Table 5.2 pg. 355 in notes

PowerPoint Presentation: 

6 major crystal systems Record Table 5.2 pg. 355 in notes

Lustre: 

Lustre Lustre – “shininess” Metallic – shines like a polished metal (Galena) Non-metallic – dull shine (hematite)

Color: 

Color Gold – yellow Pyrite – Darker Be careful because some minerals are not always the same color Ex. Corundum – white (pure), blue (iron) and red (chromium)

Streak: 

Streak Streak – color of the powered form of the mineral Gold – yellow streak Pyrite – greenish black Minerals with a hardness greater than 7 will not leave a streak – Why? What is Graphite?

Cleavage: 

Cleavage Cleavage - breaks along smooth, flat surfaces or planes Ex. Mica

Fracture: 

Fracture Fracture - minerals that break with rough or jagged edges Ex. Quartz

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Transparent – see through it Translucent – hard to see through it Opaque – can’t see through it

Mineral Lab: 

Mineral Lab Pg. 358 Write up needs to include: Question (provided) Analyze #1-4 Conclude #5 -7 Extend #9

Topic Review: 

Topic Review Pg. 360 #1-4 Mineral worksheet