adolescent health

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ADOLESCENT HEALTH Dr. Shruti Murthy

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Adolescence : An Introduction Why is it SPECIAL? Adolescent Health The Frameworks Summary

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INTRODUCTION

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•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Adolescence

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The second decade: No longer children, not yet adults ! Adolescents 10 – 19 yr Youth 15 – 24 yr Young people 10 – 24 yr Source: A picture of health? A review and annotated bibliography of the health of young people in developing countries (WHO, UNICEF, 1995).

Adolescents: Everything about them: 

Adolescents : Everything about them ‘ Adolescere ’ - To grow/ to mature A very Diverse population group Different needs Changing needs

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Adolescence : 10 – 19 yrs Early Adolescence : 10 – 13 yrs Middle adolescence : 14 – 16 yrs Late adolescence : 17 – 19 yrs Stages through Adolescence :

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•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Demographic Profile

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Today, 30% of the world’s population is in the age group 10-24 years 1 in 5 (20 %):is an adolescent ~1.5 billion Over the next decade the number will increase; Industrialized countries -13% of the population; Developing nations - 20-25% (India-23%)

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The deepening North/South divide between economically rich & poor nations 85% of young people- economically impoverished nations; The changing opportunity structure for young people: away from agriculture toward the factory some will compete in the information age .

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Population of Young People in Developing Countries by Urban & Rural Areas 1990-2025

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•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Why ADOLESCENCE is so Special?

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(What makes it different from childhood & adulthood ?) • A time of: Rapid growth & development –physical, social, sexual & psychological (cognitive and emotional). • Developing new capacities • Changing social relationships, expectations, roles &responsibilities What is SPECIAL about Adolescence?

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Biological – onset of puberty Cognitive – emergence of more advanced cognitive abilities Emotional – self image, intimacy, relation with adults and peers group Social – transition into new roles in the society Maturity- physical, social ,psychological , sexual Experimentation What is SPECIAL about Adolescence? Contd..

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•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Adolescent Health

NEEDS OF ADOLESCENTS: 

NEEDS OF ADOLESCENTS Accurate Information Adequate Diet Healthy Lifestyles Education & Health Supportive environments Counselling

HEALTH PROBLEMS: 

HEALTH PROBLEMS Knowledge & Information Academic Nutritional Early Marriages Accidents & trauma Abuse STIs & STD Environment ~social Oral health problems

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•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Adolescent Health Programs

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Recognize the diversity of the youth age group Involve young people Make health services appealing to youth Address gender inequality, needs of boys Design comprehensive programs. Consider all important benefits Address underlying risk and protective factors. Key Principles of Health Programming for Adolescents

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RCH- ARSH - AHI

Adolescent Friendly Health Services: 

Adolescent Friendly Health Services Sexual & Reproductive health services & education Contraception, Pregnancy testing, MTP Screening, treatment Growth & development monitoring +Nutritional services Anticipatory guidance about substance abuse and other risk taking behaviour Counseling for life skill development

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Criteria Good reception All facilities Accessibility % Quality care service Well trained people Security Easy communication to the outside Privacy Conducive environment Adolescent Friendly Health Center 2. Personnel

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Adolescent Girls Scheme RCH- ARSH - AHI

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8/11/2011 Adolescent Health 26

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Adolescent Girls Scheme School Health Program, University Talk AIDS RCH- ARSH - AHI

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Adolescent Girls Scheme School Health Program, University Talk AIDS Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan - Act as the Awareness Unit - Through active participation of youth Balika Samridhi Yojana - To delay the age of marriage RCH- ARSH - AHI

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8/11/2011 Adolescent Health 29

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Adolescent Girls Scheme School Health Program, University Talk AIDS Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan - Act as the Awareness Unit - Through active participation of youth Balika Samridhi Yojana - To delay the age of marriage RCH- ARSH - AHI Mahila Samkhya Program- Equal access to educational facilities for adolescent girls and young women 8/11/2011 30 Adolescent Health

More Programs:: 

More Programs: National Adolescence Education Programme, NACO State Plans of Action for the Girl Child District Primary Education Program National Plan of Action for the SAARC Decade of the Girl Child (1991–2000) National Service Scheme (NSS) Bharat Scouts and Guides Centre for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA)- Adolescent Boys

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CONCLUSION

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Lal S. TextBook of Preventive and Social Medicine. II Edition. Part I. p. 150-156. Kishore J. National Health Programs Of India. 9 th Edition. Part I. Chapter 8. P 162-165 http://adolescenthealthindia.org/know.html http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/countryreports/ARH_India.pdf http://files.dcp2.org/pdf/DCP/DCP59.pdf http://www.azadindia.org/social-issues/adolescent-health-programme-in-india.html http://www.indmedica.com/journals/pdf/iapsm/OVERVIEW%20OF%20ADOLESCENT%20HEALTH%20IN%20INDIA_H%20Chopra.pdf 8/11/2011 33 Adolescent Health REFERENCES

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A - ADOPTION OF HEALTHY LIFE STYLE D - DEVELOP APPROPRIATE I.E.C. STRATEGY DISCOURAGE EARLY MARRIAGE AND TEENAGE PREGNANCY O - ORGANIZE ADOLECENT/ YOUTH FRIENDLY CLINIC L - LIFE SKILL TRAINING, LEGAL SUPPORT, LIAISION WITH PEERS , PARENTS E - EDUCATE ABOUT SEXUALITY, SAFE SEX, SPIRITUALITY, RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD S - SAFE, SECURE AND SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT TO BE PROVIDED C - COUNSELLING / CURRICULM IN SCHOOL INCLUSIVE OF FAMILY IFE EDUCATION E - ENABLE & EMPOWER FOR RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP N - NETWORKING FOR EXPERIENCE SHARING T - TRAINING FOR INCOME GENERATION,TEEN CLUBS