Vaginaland intrauterine Drug delivery Sy

Vaginal and Intrauterine Drug delivery Systems : 

Vaginal and Intrauterine Drug delivery Systems Contraceptives

Human Creation : 

Human Creation Human being , like everything in the universe, has two sexes. (ومن كل شئ خلقنا زوجين لعلكم تذكرون) (سبحان الذي خلق الأزواج كلها) Human being is created from the fertilization of human ova by human sperm through sexual intercourse, or external fertilization.

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Normal healthy sexual relation ship between a husband and his wife can result in baby born.

Ception and contraception : 

Ception and contraception Ception (pregnancy) is the result of fertilization of ova and subsequent implantation and fetus growth.

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While contraception is the prevention of this result at any stage of this process. There is only one women in the humanity who had a baby without sex. (Mary, the mother of The Christ PBUH) ( واذكر في الكتابِ مريمَ اذ انتبذت من أهلها مكاناً شرقيا. فاتخذت من دونِهم حجابا فأرسلنا اليها روحنا فتمثّل لها بشرا سويا. قالت إني أعوذ بالرحمن منك ان كنت تقيا. قال أنما انا رسول ربك لأهبَ لك غلاما زكيّا. قالت: أنى يكون لي غلام ولم يمسسني بشرٌ ولم أكُ بغيّا ؟؟. قال: كذلك قال ربك هو عليّ هين ولنجعله آية للناس ورحمة منّا وكان أمرا مقضيّا)

Birth Control Means : 

Birth Control Means 1- Pills : (hormones prevent ovulization through different mechanisms). 2- Barriers: male and female barriers. 3- Man surgery (cutting of vein-spermatogenesis) women surgery (ligation of fallopian tubes). 4- Loops (IUD) 5- Specialized drug delivery systems.

Specialized drug delivery systems: : 

Specialized drug delivery systems: 1- Mirena®: The Mirena intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, "T-shaped" contraceptive device made of flexible plastic and must be inserted by a qualified health-care professional (such as an ob/gyn or nurse practitioner). Mirena releases a low amount of progestin levonorgestrel continuously over a 5-year period as a way to prevent pregnancy.

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The Mirena IUD helps prevent sperm from joining with an egg by affecting how the sperm move. Basically, it interferes with the movement of the sperm toward the egg. The hormonal component in Mirena makes it more effective than the other IUD. The Mirena IUD also:

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Thickens cervical mucus so that sperm have more difficulty swimming through the uterus Changes the lining of the uterus, which reduces the likelihood of implantation For some women, it may also prevent ovulation from occurring Mirena is effective immediately if inserted within 7 days after the start of period. If Mirena was inserted at any other time during menstrual cycle, use another method of birth control during the first week after insertion is essential. Pregnancy protection will begin after 7 days.

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Advantages: It can provide continuous pregnancy prevention for 5 years and can be removed anytime within that 5-year period Convenient and hassle-free – once inserted, you don’t have to do anything According to Planned Parenthood, IUDs are the most popular form of reversible birth control in the world An IUD is the most inexpensive long-term reversible method of contraception

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Mirena can help protect against pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) because it thickens cervical mucus and decreases menstrual flow IUDs can improve a woman's sex life by allowing for spontaneity. A good alternative option for women who cannot tolerate estrogen-based contraceptives After removing the IUD, a woman’s ability to become pregnant returns quickly.

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Disadvantages: Although most women do not experience any trouble adjusting to an IUD, some women may have heavy bleeding and cramping during the first few weeks or months after insertion. However, doctors can prescribe medication that can lessen cramps and bleeding during menstruation. It is not unusual to have spotting in the first few months. Cramping, backache, irregular bleeding.

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2- Implants (Norplant) – levonorgestrel 3- Vaginal Ring: NuvaRing® is a flexible vaginal ring approved for the prevention of pregnancy in women.

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It is a flexible plastic (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) ring that releases a low dose of a progestin and an estrogen over 3 weeks. NuvaRing was first approved in The Netherlands on February 14, 2001, then by all 14 other countries then in the European Union on June 12, 2001, and in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 3, 2001. NuvaRing was first marketed in the United States in July 2002, followed by several European countries in late 2002. In March 2007, Organon announced the market launch of NuvaRing in Australia, bringing the total number of countries where NuvaRing is available to 32. NuvaRing is currently used by approximately 1.5 million women worldwide.

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Over the course of 3 weeks, NuvaRing® releases a continuous low dose of estrogen and progestin. Higher estrogen and progestin levels signal your brain not to release the hormones that cause egg maturation. Without an egg ready to be released into the fallopian tube, ovulation cannot occur. A few days after you remove NuvaRing®, the lining of the uterus begins to shed and you get your period. Your new cycle begins again on the 29th day, which is the first day you insert your new ring after being ring-free for a week. It is important that you insert your new ring on the same day of the week each month.

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Application: How to insert NuvaRing® After washing and drying your hands, remove NuvaRing® from the foil pouch. Holding NuvaRing® between your thumb and index finger, press the sides together while lying down, squatting, or standing insert deeply into vagina.