Cells

Cell Types and Cell Structure: 

Cell Types and Cell Structure

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic: 

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic no nucleus no membrane enclosed organelles single chromosome no streaming in the cytoplasm cell division without mitosis simple flagella smaller ribosomes simple cytoskeleton no cellulose in cell walls no histone proteins nucleus membrane enclosed organelle chromosomes in pairs streaming in the cytoplasm cell division by mitosis complex flagella larger ribosomes complex cytoskeleton cellulose in cell walls DNA bound to histone proteins

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic: 

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Examples: Bacteria Examples: Plant cells Animal cells Fungi Protists

Plasma Membrane: 

Plasma Membrane Plasma membrane 1. Surrounds Cells 2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in plants

Cytoplasm: 

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm 1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up the inside of the cell

Nucleus: 

Nucleus Nucleus 1. Membranous nuclear envelope 2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): 

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness is the attached ribosomes) 2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids

Ribosomes: 

Ribosomes Ribosomes 1. Attached to Rough ER 2. Site of protein synthesis

Golgi Apparatus: 

Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex) 1. Assembly and editing of proteins

Lysosomes: 

Lysosomes Lysosomes 1. Contain enzymes that break down and help recycle large proteins in animal cells

Mitochondria: 

Mitochondria Mitochondria 1. Powerhouse ‑ site of ATP synthesis

Flagella and Cilia: 

Flagella and Cilia Flagella and Cilia 1. Cell surface projections for movement

Microtubules and Microfilaments: 

Microtubules and Microfilaments Microtubules and Microfilaments 1. Structural components of the cell (cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes

Vacuoles: 

Vacuoles Vacuoles 1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells contain enzymes and pigments in plant cells

Chloroplasts: 

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts 1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells, containing the chlorophyll pigments

Comparison: Plant cells Animal cells: 

Comparison: Plant cells Animal cells Large, central vacuole Chloroplasts Rigid cell wall outside of cell membrane No large, central vacuole No chloroplasts No rigid cell wall