I06-4a-Modal Verbs

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Modals and Phrasal Modals: 

Modals and Phrasal Modals Intermediate 06 Unit 4a

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2 My hair is very long. I should cut it. 13-1 USING SHOULD

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3 I should cut it. (a) My hair is very long. (b) Allen is hungry . (c) You are tired. He should eat lunch. You should go home. 13-1 USING SHOULD should = This is a good idea . (advice)

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4 (d) should + simple form of verb I You She He It We They should go . 13-1 USING SHOULD

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5 He should goes . (d) He should go . ? He should to go . ? 13-1 USING SHOULD should + simple form of verb

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6 (e) You should not go out in the rain. You will get wet. NEGATIVE: should not (f) You shouldn’t go out in the rain. CONTRACTION: should + not = shouldn’t 13-1 USING SHOULD

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7 Your books are due. You should ______________. wash them call your mother go to the library try harder learn to drive stop smoking 13-1 Let’s Practice

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8 Your clothes are dirty. You should ___________. wash them call your mother go to the library try harder learn to drive stop smoking 13-1 Let’s Practice

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9 People need to drink water. 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE ( HAVE TO/HAS TO) People have to drink water.

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10 (a) People need to drink water. same meaning (b) People have to drink water. (c) Lance needs to work . (d) Lance has to work . same meaning have + infinitive = need 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE ( HAVE TO/HAS TO)

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11 (e) I had to work yesterday. PAST FORM: had + i nfinitive 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE ( HAVE TO/HAS TO)

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12 (f) Does she have to work tonight? (g) What time do you have to work ? (h) Why did you have to work today? 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE ( HAVE TO/HAS TO) QUESTION FORM: do , does , did used with have to

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13 (i) I don’t have to work today. He doesn’t have to go home. (j) The bus was early. We didn’t have to wait . 13-2 USING HAVE + INFINITIVE ( HAVE TO/HAS TO) NEGATIVE FORM: don’t , doesn’t , didn’t used with have to

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14 People must sleep. 13-3 USING MUST

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15 (a) People have to sleep. same meaning (b) People must sleep . 13-3 USING MUST must sleep = have to sleep People need sleep.

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16 (c) I You She He It We They must study. They must studies . ? They must to study . ? must + simple form of a verb 13-3 USING MUST

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17 MUST SHOULD very important necessary no choice good idea not necessary choice (f) I must sleep tonight. I have a test tomorrow. (h) He must get a passport. He is going abroad. (g) I should sleep tonight, but I want to watch TV. (i) He should get a passport. He may go abroad. 13-3 USING MUST

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18 My doctor says I ___________________. go to the zoo take this medicine study mathematics practice every day go to medical school speak English must +  13-3 Let’s Practice must take this medicine

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19 Your car is dirty. You _____________. go to the zoo take this medicine study mathematics practice every day go to medical school wash it should +  13-3 Let’s Practice should wash it

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20 May I borrow your eraser? 13-4 POLITE QUESTIONS: MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I

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21 (a) May I borrow your eraser? same meaning (asking nicely) (b) Could I borrow your eraser? (c) Can I borrow your eraser? 13-4 POLITE QUESTIONS: MAY I, COULD I, AND CAN I

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22 is able to is going to has to make bread. (b) Ben similar to modal auxiliaries 13-7 MODAL AUXILIARIES

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can ability in present or future 7-2 EXPRESSING ABILITY: CAN AND COULD (a) Dolphins can jump very high. (b) They can swim long distances. (c) They can be taught fancy tricks.

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three negative forms of can 7-2 EXPRESSING ABILITY: CAN AND COULD can’t (d) I cannot fix this computer. can not

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could = past form of can 7-2 EXPRESSING ABILITY: CAN AND COULD (e) When we were in college, we could play chess for hours.

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couldn’t or could not = negative form of could 7-2 EXPRESSING ABILITY: CAN AND COULD (f) I couldn’t play chess in graduate school. I had to study all the time.

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7-2 LET’S PRACTICE can can’t He is always upset when he _____ remember something. can’t

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7-2 LET’S PRACTICE can can’t A dolphin ____ run, but it ____ jump. can’t can

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7-2 LET’S PRACTICE can can’t You ____ bring a horse to water, but you ____ make him drink it. can’t can

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30 He is not going __ the dance. to ? 13-7 Let’s Practice to or X

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31 X Can she sing very well? ? 13-7 Let’s Practice to or X ___

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32 Ruth is able __ to help. ? 13-7 Let’s Practice to or X

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33 She can cook. 13-8 SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS

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34 AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE (a) can ability giving permission She can cook. You can go to the party (b) could past ability I couldn’t see it. 13-8 SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS (c) may possibility polite question It may snow. May we see the menu?

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35 AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE (e) must necessity You must leave now. 13-8 SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS (f) should You should read this book. advisability (good idea)

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36 AUXILIARY MEANING EXAMPLE (i) be able to ability I’m not able to finish this work. past necessity I had to study so much! (k) have to/has (l) had to necessity You have to work harder. 13-8 SUMMARY CHART: MODAL AUXILIARIES AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS