19-1Genetics2

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Genetics : 

1 Genetics

DNA is made of chemicals:a. Bases (have Nitrogen)b. Ribose (Sugar)c. Phosphate (phosphorus & oxygen) : 

2 DNA is made of chemicals:a. Bases (have Nitrogen)b. Ribose (Sugar)c. Phosphate (phosphorus & oxygen)

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3 2. DNA gets coiled tightly into 3-D structures called Chromosomes (color bodies)

Chromosome : 

4 Chromosome

3. Pieces of DNA are called genes which form chromosomes.4. Genes cause other chemical reactions to happen and form new chemical substances called proteins. : 

5 3. Pieces of DNA are called genes which form chromosomes.4. Genes cause other chemical reactions to happen and form new chemical substances called proteins.

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6

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7 5. Chromosomes come in pairs

6. Genes are inherited (passed on) from an organism’s parents : 

8 6. Genes are inherited (passed on) from an organism’s parents

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9 7. Genes are shuffled during meiosis

8. Gregor Mendel studied the inherited gene expressions or traits in pea plants. : 

10 8. Gregor Mendel studied the inherited gene expressions or traits in pea plants.

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11 Mendel Crossed pea plants and then their offspring

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12 9. Dominant: trait that is always visible when present (symbols = capital letter ex: D) 10. Recessive: trait that does not show when dominant is present (symbols=lowercase ex: d)

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13

11. Heterozygous: containing 2 different alleles (ex: Dd) : 

14 11. Heterozygous: containing 2 different alleles (ex: Dd)

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15 12. Homozygous: containing the same alleles (ex: dd)

13. Phenotype: expression of the gene (what can be seen)14. Genotype: the genes present : 

16 13. Phenotype: expression of the gene (what can be seen)14. Genotype: the genes present

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17

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18 Dominant Recessive What are the genotypes and phenotypes?