trunking and inter-vlan

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TRUNKING

Slide 2:

Pc-1 10.0.0.1/8 Pc-2 10.0.0.2/8 Pc-3 10.0.0.3/8 Pc-4 10.0.0.4/8 Pc-11 10.0.0.11/8 Pc-9 10.0.0.9/8 Pc-10 10.0.0.10/8 Pc-5 10.0.0.5/8 Pc-6 10.0.0.6/8 Pc-7 10.0.0.7/8 Pc-8 10.0.0.8/8 VLAN-2 Sales VLAN-3 Marketing Pc-12 10.0.0.10/8 VLAN-2 Sales Pc-14 10.0.0.14/8 Pc-15 10.0.0.15/8 Pc-16 10.0.0.16/8 VLAN-3 Marketing Pc-13 10.0.0.13/8 Switch-1 Cross cable F0/10 F0/10 Switch-2 Trunk port TRUNK LINK Trunk port Straight cable

Slide 3:

A trunk link is a 100- or 1000Mbps point-to-point link between two switches, between a switch and router, or even between a switch and server, and it carries the traffic of multiple VLANs—from 1 to 4,094 at a time . The trunking comes into play when you’re connecting switches. Trunk links can carry various amounts of VLAN information across the link, if the links between your switches aren’t trunked, only information from the configured VLAN will be switched across that link. Trunk Ports Believe it or not, the term trunk port was inspired by the telephone system trunks that carry multiple telephone conversations at a time. So it follows that trunk ports can similarly carry multiple VLANs at a time.

Configuration:

Configuration 1. Connect 2 switches with the help of cross cable and also connect pc’s with switch , after that assign same network ip addresses to all pc’s on the network and access them . 2. Configure same name and same vlan-ID valn’s at both switches and assign ports into vlan’s as per requirement . 3. Configure trunking at both switches Switch1(config)# interface f0/10 Switch1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk Switch2(config)# interface f0/10 Switch2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

INTER VLAN:

INTER VLAN

Slide 6:

By default, only hosts that are members of the same VLAN can communicate with each other but Inter-VLAN or VLAN-Routing is the process that allows you to communicate between different VLAN’s having different network IP addresses . To change this and allow inter-VLAN communication, you need a router or a layer 3 switch. To support ISL or 802.1Q routing on a Fast Ethernet interface, the router’s interface is divided into logical interfaces—one for each VLAN. These are called subinterfaces. From a Fast Ethernet or Gigabit interface, you can set the interface to trunk with the encapsulation command .

Encapsulation The basic purpose of ISL and 802.1Q frame-tagging methods is to provide inter-switch VLAN communication.:

Encapsulation The basic purpose of ISL and 802.1Q frame-tagging methods is to provide inter-switch VLAN communication. Inter-Switch Link (ISL) : It is a way of explicitly tagging VLAN information onto an Ethernet frame. By running ISL, you can interconnect multiple switches and still maintain VLAN information as traffic travels between switches on trunk links. ISL functions at layer 2 by encapsulating a data frame with a new header and cyclic redundancy check (CRC). This is proprietary to Cisco switches, and it’s used for Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet links only. It can be used on a switch port, router interfaces, and server interface cards to trunk a server. IEEE 802.1Q : Created by the IEEE as a standard method of frame tagging, IEEE 802.1Q actually inserts a field into the frame to identify the VLAN. If you’re trunking between a Cisco switched link and a different brand of switch, you’ve got to use 802.1Q for the trunk to work. The 2960s support only the IEEE 802.1Q trunking protocol, but the 3560s will support both the ISL and IEEE methods.

Slide 8:

Pc-1 10.0.0.1/8 10.0.0.6DG Pc-2 10.0.0.2/8 10.0.0.6DG Pc-3 10.0.0.3/8 10.0.0.6DG Pc-4 10.0.0.4/8 10.0.0.6DG Pc-5 20.0.0.1/8 20.0.0.6DG Pc-6 20.0.0.2/8 20.0.0.6DG Pc-7 20.0.0.3/8 20.0.0.6DG VLAN-3 Marketing Switch F0/10 VLAN-2 Sales Pc-7 20.0.0.4/8 20.0.0.6DG ROUTER F0/0 F0/0.2 20.0.0.6/8 F0/0.1 10.0.0.6/8 Trunk port Straight Cable Straight cable

Configuration:

Configuration Connect router with Switch with the help of straight cable and also connect pc’s with switch with the help of straight cable , after that assign different network ip addresses to all pc’s on the network. Configure VLAN’s at switch and assign ip addresses to VLAN’s Switch(config)# interface vlan 2 Switch(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 Switch(config-if)# no shutdown Switch(config-if)# exit Switch(config)# interface Vlan 3 Switch(config-if)# ip address 20.0.0.5 255.0.0.0 Switch(config-if)# no shutdown Switch(config-if)# Ctrl+Z Switch#

Slide 10:

3. Go to router CLI(Command Line Interface) mode and create sub-interface for each VLAN and apply encapsulation to all sub-interfaces. Router(config)# interface f0/0 Router(config-if)# no ip address Router(config-if)# no shutdown Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)# interface f0/0.1 Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 2 Router(config-subif)# ip address 10.0.0.6 255.0.0.0 Router(config-subif)# no shutdown Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)# interface f0/0.2 Router(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1q 3 Router(config-subif)# ip address 20.0.0.6 255.0.0.0 Router(config-subif)# no shutdown Router(config-subif)# Ctrl+Z Router#

Slide 11:

Note : The ip address of sub-interface is given is use to give default gateway in pc’s . 4. Go back to switch CLI mode and configure trunking . Switch(config)# interface f0/10 Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan all Switch(config-if)# Ctrl+Z Switch#

VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol):

VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol)

Slide 13:

The basic goals of VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) are to manage all configured VLANs across a switched internetwork and to maintain consistency throughout that network VTP allows you to add, delete, and rename VLANs—information that is then propagated to all other switches in the VTP domain. Here’s a list of some of the cool features VTP has to offer: Consistent VLAN configuration across all switches in the network. VLAN trunking over mixed networks, such as Ethernet to ATM LANE or even FDDI. Accurate tracking and monitoring of VLANs Dynamic reporting of added VLANs to all switches in the VTP domain Plug and Play VLAN adding You should know these three requirements for VTP to communicate VLAN information between switches: The VTP management domain name of both switches must be set the same. One of the switches has to be configured as a VTP server. No router is necessary.

Slide 14:

Server configuration: Saved in NVRAM Client configuration: Not saved in NVRAM Transparent configuration: Saved in NVRAM SERVER CLIENT TRANSPARENT VTP MODES :-

VTP MODES:

VTP MODES There are three different modes of operation within a VTP domain: Server Mode Client Mode Transparent Mode SERVER MODE : This is the default mode for all Catalyst switches. You need at least one server in your VTP domain to propagate VLAN information throughout that domain. The switch must be in server mode to be able to create, add, and delete VLANs in a VTP domain. Switch(config)# vtp mode server Switch(config)# vtp domain Cisco Switch(config)# vtp password 1234 Switch# show vtp status

Slide 16:

CLIENT MODE : In client mode, switches receive information from VTP servers, but they also send and receive updates, so in this way, they behave like VTP servers. The difference is that they can’t create, change, or delete VLANs. Plus, none of the ports on a client switch can be added to a new VLAN before the VTP server notifies the client switch of the new VLAN. This switch will learn about but won’t save the VTP configuration in the running configuration, and it won’t save it in NVRAM. Switches that are in VTP client mode will only learn about and pass along VTP information. Switch(config)# vtp mode Client Switch(config)# vtp domain Cisco Switch(config)# vtp password 1234 Switch# show vtp status

Slide 17:

TRANSPARENT MODE : Switches in transparent mode don’t participate in the VTP domain or share its VLAN database, but they’ll still forward VTP advertisements through any configured trunk links. They can create, modify, and delete VLANs because they keep their own database. VTP only learns about normal-range VLANs, with VLAN IDs 1 to 1005; VLANs with IDs greater than 1005 are called extended-range VLANs and they’re not stored in the VLAN database. The switch must be in VTP transparent mode when you create VLAN IDs from 1006 to 4094, VLAN IDs 1 and 1002 to 1005 are automatically created on all switches and can’t be removed. Switch(config)# vtp mode Transparent Switch(config)# vtp domain Cisco Switch(config)# vtp password 1234 Switch# show vtp status