ASSIGNMENT No. 2 : ASSIGNMENT No. 2 BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD
Course Code : 524
The methods of collecting secondary data for research in business SUBMITTED BY: HUSNAIN KHALID
ROLL # AD 511764
SUBMITTED TO: FAIZ AHMAD BHATTI
INTRODUCTION : INTRODUCTION Secondary data is data that is collected from the primary sources which can be used in the current research study. Collecting secondary data often takes considerably less time than collecting primary data where you would have to gather every information from scratch. It is thus possible to gather more data this way. The following are some ways of collecting secondary data:
Books
Records
Biographies
Newspapers
Published censuses or other statistical data
Data archives
Internet articles
Research articles by other researchers (journals)
Databases
Secondary data is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, surveys, organizational records and data collected through qualitative methodologies or qualitative research. Primary data, by contrast, are collected by the investigator conducting the research.
Secondary data analysis saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and, particularly in the case of quantitative data, provides larger and higher-quality databases than would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own. In addition to that, analysts of social and economic change consider secondary data essential, since it is impossible to conduct a new survey that can adequately capture past change and/or developments. Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD : BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD Overview
Primary versus Secondary Data
Advantages & Uses of Secondary Data
Disadvantages of Secondary Data Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD : BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD Criteria for Evaluating Secondary Data
Specifications: Methodology Used to Collect the Data
Error: Accuracy of the Data
Currency: When the Data Were Collected
Objective(s): The Purpose for Which the Data Were Collected
Nature: The Content of the Data
Dependability: Overall, How Dependable are the Data Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
: Classification of Secondary Data
Internal Secondary Data
Published External Secondary Sources
General Business Sources
Guides
Directories
Indexes
Non-governmental Statistical Data Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
: Government Sources
Census Data
Other Government Publications
Computerized Databases
Classification of Computerized Databases
Directories of Databases
Syndicate Sources of Secondary Data Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
: 11) Syndicated Data from Households
Surveys
Psychographics & Lifestyles
Advertising Evaluation
General Surveys
Uses of Surveys
Advantages & Disadvantages of Surveys
Panels
Purchase Panels
Media Panels
Uses of Panels
Advantages & Disadvantages of Panels Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
: Electronic Scanner Services
Volume Tracking Data
Scanner Diary Panels
Scanner Diary Panels with Cable TV
Uses of Scanner Services
Advantages & Disadvantages
Syndicated Data from Institutions
Retailers & Wholesalers
Uses of Audit Data
Advantages & Disadvantages of Audit Data Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
: Industry Services
Uses of Industry Services
Advantages & Disadvantages of Industry Services
Combining Information from Different Sources: Single-Source Data
Applications of Secondary Data
Computer Mapping Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
: International Marketing Research
Ethics in Marketing Research
Internet and Computer Applications
Focus on Burke
Summary
Key Terms & Concepts Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
Primary vs. Secondary Data : Primary vs. Secondary Data Primary data are originated by a researcher for the specific purpose of addressing the problem at hand. The collection of primary data involves all six steps of the marketing research process
Secondary data are data which have already been collected for purposes other than the problem at hand. These data can be located quickly and inexpensively. Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
A Comparison of Primary & Secondary Data : A Comparison of Primary & Secondary Data Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU Primary Data Secondary Data Collection purpose For the problem at hand For other problems
Collection process Very involved Rapid & easy
Collection cost High Relatively low
Collection time Long Short
Uses of Secondary Data : Uses of Secondary Data Identify the problem
Better define the problem
Develop an approach to the problem
Formulate an appropriate research design (for example, by identifying the key variables)
Answer certain research questions and test some hypotheses
Interpret primary data more insightfully Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
Criteria for Evaluating Secondary Data : Criteria for Evaluating Secondary Data Specifications: Methodology Used to Collect the Data
Error: Accuracy of the Data
Currency: When the Data Were Collected
Objective(s): The Purpose for Which the Data Were Collected
Nature: The Content of the Data
Dependability: Overall, How Dependable Are the Data Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
Criteria for Evaluating Secondary Data : Criteria for Evaluating Secondary Data Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU Criteria Issues Remarks Specifications & Methodology
Error & Accuracy
Currency
Objective
Nature
Dependability Data collection method, response rate, quality & analysis of data, sampling technique & size, questionnaire design, fieldwork.
Examine errors in approach,
research design, sampling, data
collection & analysis, & reporting.
Time lag between collection &
publication, frequency of updates.
Why were the data collected?
Definition of key variables, units of
measurement, categories used, relationships examined.
Expertise, credibility, reputation, & trustworthiness of the source. Data should be reliable, valid, & generalizable to the problem.
Assess accuracy by comparing data from different sources.
Census data are updated by syndicated firms.
The objective determines the relevance of data.
Reconfigure the data to increase their usefulness.
Data should be obtained from an original source.
A Classification of Secondary Data : A Classification of Secondary Data Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
Internal Secondary Data : Internal Secondary Data Department Store Project
Sales were analyzed to obtain:
Sales by product line
Sales by major department (e.g., men's wear, house wares)
Sales by specific stores
Sales by geographical region
Sales by cash versus credit purchases
Sales in specific time periods
Sales by size of purchase
Sales trends in many of these classifications were also examined. Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
Type of Individual/Household Level DataAvailable from Syndicated Firms : Type of Individual/Household Level DataAvailable from Syndicated Firms Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU I. Demographic Data
- Identification (name, address, telephone)
- Marital status
- Names of family members
- Age (including ages of family members)
- Income
- Occupation
- Number of children present
- Home ownership
- Length of residence
- Number and make of cars owned
A Classification of Published Secondary Sources : A Classification of Published Secondary Sources Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU Published Secondary Data General Business Sources Government Sources
A Classification of Computerized Databases : A Classification of Computerized Databases Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
Published External Secondary Sources : Published External Secondary Sources Guides
An excellent source of standard or recurring information
Helpful in identifying other important sources of directories, trade associations, and trade publications
One of the first sources a researcher should consult
Directories
Helpful for identifying individuals or organizations that collect specific data
Examples: Consultants and Consulting Organizations Directory, Encyclopedia of Associations, FINDEX: The Directory of Market Research Reports, Studies and Surveys, and Research Services Directory
Indices
Helpful in locating information on a particular topic in several different publications Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
Classification of Computerized Databases : Classification of Computerized Databases Bibliographic databases are composed of citations to articles.
Numeric databases contain numerical and statistical information.
Full-text databases contain the complete text of the source documents comprising the database.
Directory databases provide information on individuals, organizations, and services.
Special-purpose databases provide specialized information. Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
Single-Source Data : Single-Source Data Single-source data provide integrated information on
household variables, including media consumption and
purchases, and marketing variables, such as product
sales, price, advertising, promotion, and in-store
marketing effort.
Recruit a test panel of households and meter each home's TV sets.
Survey households periodically on what they read.
Grocery purchases are tracked by UPC scanners.
Track retail data, such as sales, advertising, and promotion. Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU
A Classification of International Sources : International Organizations Government Sources Nongovernment Sources Governments Trade Associations A Classification of International Sources Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU Domestic Organizations in
the United States International Organizations in the United States Organizations in Foreign Countries
: Husnain Khalid AD511764 AIOU