363 Powerpoint

Differences in Sport Affiliation by Gender of the Team:

Differences in Sport Affiliation by Gender of the Team Alex Wentworth Psychology 363: Spring 2011 Central Washington University

Research Question:

Research Question Do sports f ans care more about the success of a team or the gender of the team when choosing a sports team to watch?

Hypothesis:

Hypothesis The male teams will be chosen over the female teams, regardless of the success of the team.

James & Ridinger (2002) :

James & Ridinger (2002) Hypothesis: 1) Female and male consumers will be equally likely to report being sports fans in general and fans of women’s or men’s basketball teams. 2) There will be a significant difference between the motives that influence females and males to be fans of a specific team. Methods: Selected at different women’s and men’s basketball games. Mailed a survey asking the participants questions about their demographics and asking the participants to rate themselves as fans of specific sports or sport in general. Results: Men rated themselves as higher fans than females in general and for specific teams. Motives were different between the genders and men rated more motives.

James & Ridinger (2002) :

James & Ridinger (2002) Interpretation of Results: Different motives to becoming sports fans based on gender Main Point: By knowing more about the motives behind why people become fans of certain teams, we can hypothesize why certain teams are more popular than others Connection: If more men see themselves as fans, is this the reason men’s teams are more popular? Other Research: a broad connection, all of the studies showed that men were more associated with sports, both as players and fans

Wann, Waddill & Dunham (2004) :

Wann , Waddill & Dunham (2004) Hypothesis : Positive correlation between masculinity and sports fandom and a negative correlation between femininity and sports fandom. Methods : three part Questionnaire, one finding out the participants gender, one finding out their level of sports fandom, and the last finding out their sex-role inventory Results : Positive correlation in masculinity and sports fandom was found

Wann, Waddill & Dunham (2004) :

Wann , Waddill & Dunham (2004) Interpretation of Results: Masculine traits are linked to sports fandom. Also, Gender role association was found to be an accurate predictor of fandom, as well as anatomical sex Main Point: Shows that being a fan of sports is linked to perceptions of masculinity Connection: Perhaps the reason women’s teams are not as popular is because men are associated with sports Other Research: Once again portrays the perception of sports fandom and participation as masculine

Alley & Hicks (2005) :

Alley & Hicks (2005) Hypothesis: Both male and female athletes would be rated as more masculine when they shifted from “feminine” sports to “neutral and then “masculine” sports. Methods: 12 paragraphs, then rated the perceived femininity and/or masculinity based on the descriptions in the paragraph Results: People in the paragraphs as most feminine when they participated in ballet, neutral when they participated in tennis and most masculine when they participated in karate

Alley & Hicks (2005) :

Alley & Hicks (2005) Interpretation of results: People do have underlying bias’ about certain genders participating in certain sports. They see certain sports as appropriate for men and others appropriate for women. Main Point: Shows that people do have bias’ regarding sports appropriateness based on the participants gender. Connection : Can Women participating in masculine sports can affect how many people want to watch? Other Research: Shows once again perceptions of masculinity with certain sports

Participants :

Participants N = 10 Central Washington University, Des Moines Students Ages 18-41 Required Participation Sampling Method: Convenient

Design:

Design Between Subjects IV: Gender of the team in the paragraph AND Success of the team in the paragraph -2 x 2 Factorial -Nominal DV: likert scale responses -Interval

Illustration of Groups :

Illustration of Groups Male Female Successful Group 1 Group 3 Unsuccessful Group 2 Group 4

Materials:

Materials Consent forms Four different paragraphs

Procedure :

Procedure Assigned to Groups Given Instructions & Paper Read Paragraph Respond to the posed questions

Results:

Results Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable:Attending Game Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 9.311 a 3 3.104 1.619 .269 Intercept 70.741 1 70.741 36.908 .001 Gender 2.320 1 2.320 1.211 .308 Success 7.373 1 7.373 3.847 .091 Gender * Success .004 1 .004 .002 .963 Error 13.417 7 1.917 Total 89.000 11 Corrected Total 22.727 10 a. R Squared = .410 (Adjusted R Squared = .157)

Results:

Results

Discussion:

Discussion Results did not fit in with the hypothesis Did not Reject the null With so few people in each group, it was impossible to find significance

Discussion:

Discussion Limitations: Number of Participants, Uneven Groups Rerun : More Participants, Online

References :

References Alley, T. R., & Hicks, C. M. (2005). Peer Attitudes Towards Adolescent Participants in Male and Female Oriented Sports. Journal of Adolescence, 40, 158. James, J. D., & Ridinger . (2002). Female and Male Sport Fans: A Comparison of Sport Consumption Motives. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25,260-278. Wann , D. L., Waddill , P. J., & Dunham, M. D. (2004). Using Sex and Gender Role Orientation to Predict Level of Sport Fandom. Journal of Sport Behavior, 27, 367-377.

Slide 20:

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