water pollution

WATER POLLUTION : 

WATER POLLUTION

WATER : 

WATER Water covers 70.9% of the Earth's surface. The amount of fresh water accounts for 2.6%, which is vital for all forms of life.

SURFACE WATER : 

SURFACE WATER Surface water is water  collecting on the ground or in a stream, river, lake, wetland, or ocean; it is related to water collecting as groundwater or atmospheric water.

GROUND WATER : 

GROUND WATER Groundwater is  water  located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water.

Water pollution : 

Water pollution Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies. Water pollution affects plants animals and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

WATER POLLUTION : 

WATER POLLUTION Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives (in) it.

TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION : 

TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION

POINT SOURCES : 

POINT SOURCES Point source pollution refers to contaminants that enter a waterway through a discrete conveyance, such as a pipe or ditch.

POINT SOURCES : 

POINT SOURCES The various types of point-source pollutants found in waters are as varied as the types of business, industry, and urban sources that produce them.

POINT SOURCES : 

POINT SOURCES Clearing of land can lead to erosion of soil into the river.  Sewage generated by industry can get into the water supply, introducing large organic pollutants into the ecosystem. Factories, including oil refineries, pulp and paper mills, and chemical, electronics and automobile manufacturers, typically discharge one or more pollutants in their discharged waters (called effluents).

POINT SOURCES : 

POINT SOURCES Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human influence. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers.

POINT SOURCES : 

POINT SOURCES

POINT SOURCES : 

POINT SOURCES Thermal pollution can kill fish outright, block fish migrations, cause the growth of nuisance species, and create other problems as well.

NON-POINT SOURCES : 

NON-POINT SOURCES Non-point source (NPS) pollution refers to diffuse contamination that does not originate from a single discrete source. NPS pollution is often the cumulative effect of small amounts of contaminants gathered from a large area. Example:- The leaching out of nitrogen compounds from agricultural land which has been fertilized is a typical example

NON-POINT SOURCES : 

NON-POINT SOURCES

NON-POINT SOURCES : 

NON-POINT SOURCES Agriculture, including commercial livestock and poultry farming, is the source of many organic and inorganic pollutants in surface waters and groundwater. These contaminants include both sediment from erosion cropland and compounds of phosphorus and nitrogen that partly originate in animal wastes and commercial fertilizers.

AGRICULTURAL RUNOFFS : 

AGRICULTURAL RUNOFFS

NON-POINT SOURCES : 

NON-POINT SOURCES Nutrient runoff in  storm water from "sheet flow" over an agricultural field or a forest are also cited as examples of NPS pollution.

NON-POINT SOURCES : 

NON-POINT SOURCES

NON-POINT SOURCES : 

NON-POINT SOURCES Contaminated storm water washed off of parking lots, roads and  highways, called urban runoff, is sometimes included under the category of NPS pollution.

NON-POINT SOURCES : 

NON-POINT SOURCES The run offs due to rain, from places like parking lots and garages may contain pollutants. The pollutants in this runoff can be quite harmful.

NON-POINT SOURCES : 

NON-POINT SOURCES Mining operations can generate significant amounts of non-point source pollution. Abandoned mining operations can leach iron and other chemicals such as copper, lead and mercury into nearby water bodies

NON-POINT SOURCES : 

NON-POINT SOURCES Garbage dumps get washed away due to heavy rains and floods and get stagnated in the nearby water bodies.

GROUND WATER POLLUTION : 

GROUND WATER POLLUTION Ground water is one of the pure forms of water stored in the aquifers (space between the rocks). Ground water pollution refers to the contamination of the ground water present in the aquifers.

GROUND WATER POLLUTION : 

GROUND WATER POLLUTION Fertilizers and pesticides applied to crops eventually may reach underlying aquifers, particularly if the aquifer is shallow and not "protected" by an overlying layer of low permeability material, such as clay. Drinking-water wells located close to cropland sometimes are contaminated by these agricultural chemicals.

GROUND WATER POLLUTION : 

GROUND WATER POLLUTION Aquifers in industrialized areas are at significant risk of being contaminated by chemicals and petroleum products. Some of the examples include, the contamination of ground water by petroleum leaks while extraction and also due to leakage of chlorinated chemicals.

GROUND WATER POLLUTION : 

GROUND WATER POLLUTION The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recorded that there have been over 400,000 confirmed releases of petroleum-based fuels from leaking underground storage tanks.

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTON : 

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTON The food chain is damaged. Diseases can spread via polluted water. Acid rain. Pollutants in the water will alter the overall chemistry of water. Marine food sources are contaminated. Altered water temperatures can kill marine life.

Effects on human health : 

Effects on human health Cancer Kidney stone formation Organ Failure Nervous Damage Tooth Decay

Effects on human health : 

Effects on human health Skin Irritation Infection Birth Defects and Fertility Problems (Male and Female) Susceptibility to H1N1 (Swine Flu)

EUTROPHICATION : 

EUTROPHICATION Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of nutrient content to an extent that increases the primary productivity of the water body. It is the "bloom" or great increase of phytoplankton in a water body.

EUTROPHICATION : 

EUTROPHICATION

Effects of eutrophication : 

Effects of eutrophication Increased biomass of phytoplankton Toxic or inedible phytoplankton species Increases in blooms of gelatinous zooplankton Decreased biomass of benthic and epiphytic algae Changes in macrophyte species composition and biomass Decreases in water transparency (increased turbidity)

EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION : 

EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION Dissolved oxygen depletion Loss of desirable fish species Reductions in harvestable fish and shellfish Decreases in perceived aesthetic value of the water body Colour, smell, and water treatment problems

eutrophication : 

eutrophication

DISSOLVED OXYGEN : 

DISSOLVED OXYGEN Only a few fish species can survive in water less than 4ppm at 20°C.

Water pollution control : 

Water pollution control Methods of controlling water pollution fall into three general categories: Primary Secondary Tertiary

LEVELS OF SEPERATION : 

LEVELS OF SEPERATION Primary Removal of grit and large objects by physical seperation. Secondary Aerobic microbiological process Lowers suspended solid contents into sludge Tertiary Anaerobic microbiological process Re-oxygenated

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL : 

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS : 

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS : 

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Suggestions : 

Suggestions Never dump anything into city street drains. Check your vehicle for any leaks that could pollute waterways when flushed down city drains. Don't let water run while you are washing or brushing your teeth Replace taps with water-saving models. Don't dump unwanted prescriptions down the toilet or the drain.

CONCLUSION : 

CONCLUSION You are the solution to the pollution

Water pollution : 

Water pollution BY mahesh & ram

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