logging in or signing up tv helloskm Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 589 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (1) Added: April 12, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description broadcasting Comments Posting comment... By: rajeevranjan308 (8 month(s) ago) madarchod gand marwane k liye upload kiye ho. mjhe dwnld krna h Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rupesh18 (8 month(s) ago) pls send me this ppt.. i need it. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: prteek (9 month(s) ago) i liked that ppt , sir can you provide me link to download it piz send it to my id kartikpareek91@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kdcool1 (9 month(s) ago) plz assist me about DDK india send me that ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: harshul.phadke (10 month(s) ago) Hellow sir , I saw your presentation and liked it . so plz send me a link to download it. hope you will send it soon. thanks.by Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript DOORDARSHAN INDIA : 1 DOORDARSHAN INDIA Television Receive only Terminal (TVRO) Integrated Receiver Decoder (IRD) J. M. KHARCHE Slide 2: 2 PDA (Parabolic Dish Antenna) FEED LNBC Low Loss Cable System unit (Splitter) IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder) Components of TVRO (Television Receive only Terminal) Slide 3: 3 3.7 to 4.2 GHz TVRO Setup Slide 4: 4 Types of PDA Cassegrain (Feed at axis with Sub reflector). Gregorian (Feed at Prime focus). Offset Fed (Feed away from axis) Monopod Antenna Type : 5 Antenna Type Cassegrian Gregorian Prime Focus Slide 6: 6 PDA Prime focus Slide 7: 7 PDA Principle PDA : 8 PDA Prime Focus Cassegrain PDA : 9 Prime Focus Cassegrain PDA Prime Focus PDA : 10 Prime Focus PDA Slide 11: 11 Offset PDA Slide 12: 12 Offset PDA Monopod Uplink PDA : 13 Monopod Uplink PDA PDA in Radome : 14 PDA in Radome Dual PDA : 15 Dual PDA Ku band PDA (Auto Tracking) : 16 Ku band PDA (Auto Tracking) Ku band PDA (Auto Tracking) : 17 Ku band PDA (Auto Tracking) PDA for 5 Satellites in 8 Deg Arc : 18 PDA for 5 Satellites in 8 Deg Arc Offset PDA with Multi Feed : 19 Offset PDA with Multi Feed Future PDA : 20 Future PDA Future PDA : 21 Future PDA Multiple Path for RF Signals : 22 Multiple Path for RF Signals 1 DIRECT 2 REFLECTED 3 TROPO-SCATTER 4 IONOSPHERIC HOP 5 SATELLITE RELAY 6 GROUND WAVE Slide 23: 23 Main parameter of PDA 1) Size (Diameter) (Gain) 2) Focal length 3) Feed mounting (a) Prime focus (b) Offset 4) Mount (a) X-Y mount (b) Polar mount 5) G/T Slide 24: 24 Types of Receive Feeds Linear Dual Linear Orthogonal 1 Horizontal 1 Vertical Dual Linear 2 Horizontal or 2 Vertical Circular With Polarization Motor Without Polarization Motor Dual Band Tri Band Polarization : 25 Polarization Single Linear C band : 26 Single Linear C band Dual Linear Orthogonal : 27 Dual Linear Orthogonal Slide 28: 28 Feed circular Ku Band Dual Linear Orthogonal C band Feed : 29 Dual Linear Orthogonal C band Feed Slide 30: 30 Dual Linear C band Feed Single Circular Feed : 31 Single Circular Feed Dual Circular C band Feed : 32 Dual Circular C band Feed Slide 33: 33 Dual band circular C & Ku Band Feed Slide 34: 34 Dual band circular C & Ku Band Feed Slide 35: 35 Dual Band Linear Orthogonal C& Ku band Feed Tri band C, Ku & S band Feed : 36 Tri band C, Ku & S band Feed Slide 37: 37 A signal from a satellite is a very low power signal. The satellite reception dish does a first amplification by reflecting and concentrating the signal received into one focus point. The LNB, mounted exactly at this point in front of the parabolic dish, further amplifies this signal because it is till very weak. This amplified satellite signal cannot be sent directly though a coax cable. Due to this still very high frequency (3.7GHz to 4.3GHz in C band and 10 to 13GHz in Ku band) sending this signal directly into a coax cable would result in very high signal loss. This is why the LNB also converts the signal into a lower frequency. The LNBC's LO Frequency determines how many Mhz the signal is converted downwards. Why LNB is needed? Block Diagram of LNBC : 38 Block Diagram of LNBC Block Diagram of Ku Band LNBC : 39 Block Diagram of Ku Band LNBC C/O C/O H L 22 KC 0 KC 13 V DC 18 V DC H V 22 KC in DC in IF out From feed Slide 40: 40 Types of LNBC LNBC (only Low Noise Block Converter) C-band Professional Commercial Ku-band Professional Commercial LNBF (Low Noise Block Converter along with integrated feed.) Ku-band Commercial C-band Commercial Frequency response of commercial LNBC : 41 Frequency response of commercial LNBC 60dB Frequency response of professional LNBC : 42 Frequency response of professional LNBC 60dB Ku-Band LNBF Specifications : 43 Ku-Band LNBF Specifications 1) Input frequency range: a) Low band:10.7~11.7GHz b) High band:11.7~12.75GHz 2) Output frequency range: a) Low band: 950~1,950GHz b) High band: 1,100~2,150GHz 3) L.o. frequency: 9.75/10.6 GHz±1MHz (max.) at 25°C 4) L.o. frequency stability: 9.75/10.6GHz ± 2MHz (max.) at -40~+60°C 5) Output connector type: 75Ω female connector 6) Output VSWR: 2.0:1 (typical) 7) Conversion gain: 58dB (min.) 8) Gain variation: 5dB at all band 9) Image rejection: 45dB (min.) 10) Cross polarization: 20dB (min.) 11) DC current consumption: 90mA (max.) Slide 44: 44 Types of Ku band LNBC Low band High band Dual band (13V/18V) Dual band with polarisation control (13V/18V) (0Hz/22 KHz).. Slide 45: 45 LNBF C band LNBF Ku band : 46 LNBF Ku band Dual LNBF Ku band : 47 Dual LNBF Ku band Low Loss Cable : 48 Low Loss Cable Co-axial Cable Single Braiding Double Braiding Foil Shielding RF Connectors : 49 RF Connectors N connector F connector Slide 50: 50 Types of System Units or Splitters Passive- 1 to 2, 1 to 4, 1 to 8. With DC Power Supply for LNBC Without DC Power Supply for LNBC Active- 1 to 8, 1 to 16, 1 to 32……. etc. Slide 51: 51 Use of a Splitter or Distribution Amplifier When multiple IRDs are receiving their signal from one satellite dish, a passive splitter or active distribution amplifier/ splitter can be used. 3.7 to 4.2 GHz Slide 52: 52 Frequency Calculation IRD + LNB The LO of LNB determines the actual reception frequency range. The reception frequency range of the IRD and LNB together is calculated as shown in the following example: C Band LNBC's LO frequency: 5150 Mhz. Input frequency range: = (5150 - 1450) to (5150 - 950) Mhz = 3700 Mhz. to 4200 Mhz Ku Band LNBC's LO frequency: 10750 Mhz. (9.75&10.6 GHz) Input frequency range: = (950+10750) to (1450+10750) Mhz = 11700 Mhz. to 12200 Mhz Slide 53: 53 Calculation of L-Band Frequency L-Band frequency = FS D/L - FLO Where: FS D/L = Transponder’s Down link transmitting frequency. FLO = LNBC's local oscillator frequency. Slide 54: 54 Frequency Bands for Satellite Communication C = D/L 3.7 - 4.2 U/L 5.8 - 6.3 GHz Ext C = D/L 4.2 - 4.5 U/L 6.3 - 6.6 GHz Ku I =D/L10.95-11.2 U/L 14.0-14.25 GHz Ku II =D/L11.45 - 11.7 U/L14.25-14.5 GHz Ku III = D/L12.5 - 12.75 U/L13.75-14.0 GHz Ka = D/L10.95-12.75 U/L 29.5 - 30.0 GHz Slide 55: 55 TVRO Tracking a) Connect the equipments (as per diagram). b) Enter receive parameters in IRD. c) Connect one output of LNBC to spectrum analyser. Set the center frequency, RBW, VBW Span and keep low retrace time/ sweep time. d) Bring PDA’s Azimuth & Elevation angle near to the required value. e) Optimise the Azimuth & Elevation alternatively till the telemetry signal is peaked. f) Optimise feed’s focal point. g) Optimise feed’s polarisation by rotating in either side for liner feeds. Continue ….. Slide 56: 56 h) Optimise feed’s polarisation by rotating pickup link in either side. i) Repeat e,f,g or e,f,h to maximise peaking. j) TVRO should be optimised once in three to four months, using spectrum analyser. Continue…. TVRO Tracking Telemetry of INSAT-2E : 57 Telemetry of INSAT-2E C-10 Txd of INSAT-2E : 58 C-10 Txd of INSAT-2E Slide 59: 59 Precautions during Maintenance Do not climb on the PDA. Do not allow trapping of moisture inside a feed (due to rain, nesting, bees, dust, dew etc.). Put seal on LNBCs output connector. Tie the low loss cable on PDA and give support. Provide Earthing on top of PDA to avoid failure of LNBC during Lightening. Greasing of screw jacks once in a year. Greasing of motors every two year. Earth resistance measurement & Watering of earth pits during summer. Slide 60: 60 Requirement for Reception of Satellite Signal Foot prints of satellite in that geographical area Parking slot of the satellite Longitude and Latitude of the place Calculation of Look angle i.e. Azimuth and Elevation Down link frequency Polarization Symbol rate FEC Pas10 Footprint-Ku band India beam : 61 Pas10 Footprint-Ku band India beam INSAT 3A Footprint-C band Expanded beam : 62 INSAT 3A Footprint-C band Expanded beam INSAT 3C Footprint-C band India beam : 63 INSAT 3C Footprint-C band India beam Telemetry of Satellites : 64 Telemetry of Satellites Advantages of IRD over Analog Receiver : 65 Advantages of IRD over Analog Receiver Reception at low signal strength. Noise free reception. Enhanced quality. Reception through Data channel. Parts of IRD : 66 RF Module. Demodulator CAM Module. PCM CIA Slot Decoder. Parts of IRD Slide 67: 67 Signal path in a IRD Input of IRD : 68 Input of IRD L band QPSK (Optional: 8PSK, QAM etc.) ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) Types of IRD : 69 Types of IRD Configuration parameter for IRD : 70 Carrier Frequency. Polarisation Type of modulation (QPSK, QAM etc.) FEC Symbol Rate. Configuration parameter for IRD Slide 71: 71 Input card Slide 72: 72 RF Receiver Loop through Output of IRD : 73 Output of IRD Analog Video and Analog Audio ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) Digital Video (SDI) and Digital Audio (AES/ EBU) (OPTIONAL) RS-232 data (LSD) (OPTIONAL) RS-422 data (HSD) (OPTIONAL) Ethernet (OPTIONAL) Slide 74: 74 Rear Panel Section Data Output : 75 Data Output Low Speed Data: Some Prof. IRDs can deliver Low speed data (LSD) transfer rates up to 115 Kbps over RS-232 port High Speed Data: Some professional IRDs can deliver High Speed Data (HSD) transfer rates upto 20 Mbps over a balance RS-422 port. Ethernet Data: Some Prof. IRDs can deliver data at transfer rates up to 100 Mbps over Ethernet port. De-scrambling : 76 De-scrambling (A) Internal CAS: Most of the professional IRDs are equipped with internal de-scrambler and two independent DVB-CI Common Interface slots. The internal DVB de-scrambler is suitable for manufacturers own proprietary CAS (e.g. CODI Crypt in Scopus 2800 IRDs, RAS in NDS Altea IRDs). (B) External CAS: DVB-CI can be used to decipher encrypted DVB signals by means of authorized smart card and CA specific CAM (Conditional Access Module). CA methods: Multcrypt, Simulcrypt CAS: Irdeto, Beta Crypt, NDS Videoguard, CODICrypt, Viaccess, Conax, Cryptoworks, Aston, On Digital, Digicipher 2, Nagravision, Canal+. De-scrambling conti…. : 77 De-scrambling conti…. (C) BISS-E: Most of the professional IRDs are equipped with BISS-E internal de-scrambler. Mode-0 : No Encryption Mode-1 : Fixed Control Word (CW) derived from Clear Session Word (SW) (12 Characters) Mode-E : Fixed Control Word derived from Encrypted Session Word (ESW) (16 Characters) BISS-E : 78 BISS-E 16 ch 12 ch 14 ch DVB CI Module & Smart Card : 79 DVB CI Module & Smart Card What is PCMCIA : 80 What is PCMCIA The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) is a standards body and trade association that consists of more than 300 member companies including manufactures of semiconductors, connectors, peripherals and systems, as well as BIOS and software developers and related industries. PCMCIA has developed standards for the personal computer cards (PC Cards). A PC Card is a small form-factor adapter for your personal computer, personal communicator or other electronic device. PC Cards are about the size and shape of a credit card. Slide 81: 81 Calculation of Symbol Rate To Calculate the Symbol Rate for QPSK configuration: Symbol Rate= BR M symbols/sec RSC*FEC*2 Where: BR=Bit Rate FEC=Forward error correction= Viterbi Code rate = ½, 2/3, ¾, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, etc. RSC= Reed Solomon Code Rate = 188 204 To Calculate the Symbol Rate for QAM configuration: Symbol Rate= BR M symbols/sec Reed_Solomon x QAM Where: BR= Bit Rate Reed Solomon= 188 204 QAM= 4 for QAM 16, 5 for QAM 32, 6 for QAM 64, 7 for QAM 128, or 8 for QAM 256. How to save Channels in Scopus IRD : 82 How to save Channels in Scopus IRD IRD-2600/2800 Save Setups Instructions: 1. Go to "Config-->Decoder-->Stream-->Service ID Source" and verify/select "Stream PSI-SI Tables" [press "Enter" to select] 2. Select frequency, symbol rate etc… and verify the IRD is locked. 3. Select the service you want to store. 4. Go to "Main Menu-->Run-->Service [page down to the end] -->Store Decoded Service to 010 [select from 001-146] -->Press the "Enter Key" to Save. 4. Repeat 3 and 4 to store additional services. IRD-2600/2800 – Recall Saved Setups Instructions: 1. Go to "Config-->Decoder-->Stream-->[ page down until reaching ] Service ID Source, [then go one step to the right and one step down to select] "Pre Programmed Memory" --> Press the "Enter" key to select. Note: The IRD will re-initialize, wait till completed. 2. Go to "Main Menu--> Run --> Service [page down to] DVB Service >010 [Select the number from 001-146, where the service was stored] 3. Repeat 2 to change the selected setup number. Tip: The front panel Left Arrow key is a direct shortcut to "DVB Service" menu. Front Panel Menu : 83 Front Panel Menu Slide 84: 84 Functional Model of MPEG-2 Transport Stream De-multiplexing Obtain program map PID (PID of bit stream containing the program map table Program Identity Program Identity Obtain PIDs for elementary bit stream Dump other transport packets Elementary bit stream for a program PID 1 PID 2 PID n Program map PID PID 0 System bit stream Program association table Program map table Slide 85: 85 Video Coding Audio Coding Data Coding Program multiplex Transport multiplex MPEG-2 source coding and multiplex Satellite Channel Adaptation 1 2 N Reed-Solomon 204,188 Outer Code Inter-leaver Modulator (QPSK) Inner code Digital Satellite System Block Diagram Slide 86: 86 Control Cable Configuration Slide 87: 87 IRD with ASI Loop through Thank You : 88 Thank You You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
tv helloskm Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 589 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (1) Added: April 12, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description broadcasting Comments Posting comment... By: rajeevranjan308 (8 month(s) ago) madarchod gand marwane k liye upload kiye ho. mjhe dwnld krna h Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rupesh18 (8 month(s) ago) pls send me this ppt.. i need it. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: prteek (9 month(s) ago) i liked that ppt , sir can you provide me link to download it piz send it to my id kartikpareek91@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kdcool1 (9 month(s) ago) plz assist me about DDK india send me that ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: harshul.phadke (10 month(s) ago) Hellow sir , I saw your presentation and liked it . so plz send me a link to download it. hope you will send it soon. thanks.by Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript DOORDARSHAN INDIA : 1 DOORDARSHAN INDIA Television Receive only Terminal (TVRO) Integrated Receiver Decoder (IRD) J. M. KHARCHE Slide 2: 2 PDA (Parabolic Dish Antenna) FEED LNBC Low Loss Cable System unit (Splitter) IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder) Components of TVRO (Television Receive only Terminal) Slide 3: 3 3.7 to 4.2 GHz TVRO Setup Slide 4: 4 Types of PDA Cassegrain (Feed at axis with Sub reflector). Gregorian (Feed at Prime focus). Offset Fed (Feed away from axis) Monopod Antenna Type : 5 Antenna Type Cassegrian Gregorian Prime Focus Slide 6: 6 PDA Prime focus Slide 7: 7 PDA Principle PDA : 8 PDA Prime Focus Cassegrain PDA : 9 Prime Focus Cassegrain PDA Prime Focus PDA : 10 Prime Focus PDA Slide 11: 11 Offset PDA Slide 12: 12 Offset PDA Monopod Uplink PDA : 13 Monopod Uplink PDA PDA in Radome : 14 PDA in Radome Dual PDA : 15 Dual PDA Ku band PDA (Auto Tracking) : 16 Ku band PDA (Auto Tracking) Ku band PDA (Auto Tracking) : 17 Ku band PDA (Auto Tracking) PDA for 5 Satellites in 8 Deg Arc : 18 PDA for 5 Satellites in 8 Deg Arc Offset PDA with Multi Feed : 19 Offset PDA with Multi Feed Future PDA : 20 Future PDA Future PDA : 21 Future PDA Multiple Path for RF Signals : 22 Multiple Path for RF Signals 1 DIRECT 2 REFLECTED 3 TROPO-SCATTER 4 IONOSPHERIC HOP 5 SATELLITE RELAY 6 GROUND WAVE Slide 23: 23 Main parameter of PDA 1) Size (Diameter) (Gain) 2) Focal length 3) Feed mounting (a) Prime focus (b) Offset 4) Mount (a) X-Y mount (b) Polar mount 5) G/T Slide 24: 24 Types of Receive Feeds Linear Dual Linear Orthogonal 1 Horizontal 1 Vertical Dual Linear 2 Horizontal or 2 Vertical Circular With Polarization Motor Without Polarization Motor Dual Band Tri Band Polarization : 25 Polarization Single Linear C band : 26 Single Linear C band Dual Linear Orthogonal : 27 Dual Linear Orthogonal Slide 28: 28 Feed circular Ku Band Dual Linear Orthogonal C band Feed : 29 Dual Linear Orthogonal C band Feed Slide 30: 30 Dual Linear C band Feed Single Circular Feed : 31 Single Circular Feed Dual Circular C band Feed : 32 Dual Circular C band Feed Slide 33: 33 Dual band circular C & Ku Band Feed Slide 34: 34 Dual band circular C & Ku Band Feed Slide 35: 35 Dual Band Linear Orthogonal C& Ku band Feed Tri band C, Ku & S band Feed : 36 Tri band C, Ku & S band Feed Slide 37: 37 A signal from a satellite is a very low power signal. The satellite reception dish does a first amplification by reflecting and concentrating the signal received into one focus point. The LNB, mounted exactly at this point in front of the parabolic dish, further amplifies this signal because it is till very weak. This amplified satellite signal cannot be sent directly though a coax cable. Due to this still very high frequency (3.7GHz to 4.3GHz in C band and 10 to 13GHz in Ku band) sending this signal directly into a coax cable would result in very high signal loss. This is why the LNB also converts the signal into a lower frequency. The LNBC's LO Frequency determines how many Mhz the signal is converted downwards. Why LNB is needed? Block Diagram of LNBC : 38 Block Diagram of LNBC Block Diagram of Ku Band LNBC : 39 Block Diagram of Ku Band LNBC C/O C/O H L 22 KC 0 KC 13 V DC 18 V DC H V 22 KC in DC in IF out From feed Slide 40: 40 Types of LNBC LNBC (only Low Noise Block Converter) C-band Professional Commercial Ku-band Professional Commercial LNBF (Low Noise Block Converter along with integrated feed.) Ku-band Commercial C-band Commercial Frequency response of commercial LNBC : 41 Frequency response of commercial LNBC 60dB Frequency response of professional LNBC : 42 Frequency response of professional LNBC 60dB Ku-Band LNBF Specifications : 43 Ku-Band LNBF Specifications 1) Input frequency range: a) Low band:10.7~11.7GHz b) High band:11.7~12.75GHz 2) Output frequency range: a) Low band: 950~1,950GHz b) High band: 1,100~2,150GHz 3) L.o. frequency: 9.75/10.6 GHz±1MHz (max.) at 25°C 4) L.o. frequency stability: 9.75/10.6GHz ± 2MHz (max.) at -40~+60°C 5) Output connector type: 75Ω female connector 6) Output VSWR: 2.0:1 (typical) 7) Conversion gain: 58dB (min.) 8) Gain variation: 5dB at all band 9) Image rejection: 45dB (min.) 10) Cross polarization: 20dB (min.) 11) DC current consumption: 90mA (max.) Slide 44: 44 Types of Ku band LNBC Low band High band Dual band (13V/18V) Dual band with polarisation control (13V/18V) (0Hz/22 KHz).. Slide 45: 45 LNBF C band LNBF Ku band : 46 LNBF Ku band Dual LNBF Ku band : 47 Dual LNBF Ku band Low Loss Cable : 48 Low Loss Cable Co-axial Cable Single Braiding Double Braiding Foil Shielding RF Connectors : 49 RF Connectors N connector F connector Slide 50: 50 Types of System Units or Splitters Passive- 1 to 2, 1 to 4, 1 to 8. With DC Power Supply for LNBC Without DC Power Supply for LNBC Active- 1 to 8, 1 to 16, 1 to 32……. etc. Slide 51: 51 Use of a Splitter or Distribution Amplifier When multiple IRDs are receiving their signal from one satellite dish, a passive splitter or active distribution amplifier/ splitter can be used. 3.7 to 4.2 GHz Slide 52: 52 Frequency Calculation IRD + LNB The LO of LNB determines the actual reception frequency range. The reception frequency range of the IRD and LNB together is calculated as shown in the following example: C Band LNBC's LO frequency: 5150 Mhz. Input frequency range: = (5150 - 1450) to (5150 - 950) Mhz = 3700 Mhz. to 4200 Mhz Ku Band LNBC's LO frequency: 10750 Mhz. (9.75&10.6 GHz) Input frequency range: = (950+10750) to (1450+10750) Mhz = 11700 Mhz. to 12200 Mhz Slide 53: 53 Calculation of L-Band Frequency L-Band frequency = FS D/L - FLO Where: FS D/L = Transponder’s Down link transmitting frequency. FLO = LNBC's local oscillator frequency. Slide 54: 54 Frequency Bands for Satellite Communication C = D/L 3.7 - 4.2 U/L 5.8 - 6.3 GHz Ext C = D/L 4.2 - 4.5 U/L 6.3 - 6.6 GHz Ku I =D/L10.95-11.2 U/L 14.0-14.25 GHz Ku II =D/L11.45 - 11.7 U/L14.25-14.5 GHz Ku III = D/L12.5 - 12.75 U/L13.75-14.0 GHz Ka = D/L10.95-12.75 U/L 29.5 - 30.0 GHz Slide 55: 55 TVRO Tracking a) Connect the equipments (as per diagram). b) Enter receive parameters in IRD. c) Connect one output of LNBC to spectrum analyser. Set the center frequency, RBW, VBW Span and keep low retrace time/ sweep time. d) Bring PDA’s Azimuth & Elevation angle near to the required value. e) Optimise the Azimuth & Elevation alternatively till the telemetry signal is peaked. f) Optimise feed’s focal point. g) Optimise feed’s polarisation by rotating in either side for liner feeds. Continue ….. Slide 56: 56 h) Optimise feed’s polarisation by rotating pickup link in either side. i) Repeat e,f,g or e,f,h to maximise peaking. j) TVRO should be optimised once in three to four months, using spectrum analyser. Continue…. TVRO Tracking Telemetry of INSAT-2E : 57 Telemetry of INSAT-2E C-10 Txd of INSAT-2E : 58 C-10 Txd of INSAT-2E Slide 59: 59 Precautions during Maintenance Do not climb on the PDA. Do not allow trapping of moisture inside a feed (due to rain, nesting, bees, dust, dew etc.). Put seal on LNBCs output connector. Tie the low loss cable on PDA and give support. Provide Earthing on top of PDA to avoid failure of LNBC during Lightening. Greasing of screw jacks once in a year. Greasing of motors every two year. Earth resistance measurement & Watering of earth pits during summer. Slide 60: 60 Requirement for Reception of Satellite Signal Foot prints of satellite in that geographical area Parking slot of the satellite Longitude and Latitude of the place Calculation of Look angle i.e. Azimuth and Elevation Down link frequency Polarization Symbol rate FEC Pas10 Footprint-Ku band India beam : 61 Pas10 Footprint-Ku band India beam INSAT 3A Footprint-C band Expanded beam : 62 INSAT 3A Footprint-C band Expanded beam INSAT 3C Footprint-C band India beam : 63 INSAT 3C Footprint-C band India beam Telemetry of Satellites : 64 Telemetry of Satellites Advantages of IRD over Analog Receiver : 65 Advantages of IRD over Analog Receiver Reception at low signal strength. Noise free reception. Enhanced quality. Reception through Data channel. Parts of IRD : 66 RF Module. Demodulator CAM Module. PCM CIA Slot Decoder. Parts of IRD Slide 67: 67 Signal path in a IRD Input of IRD : 68 Input of IRD L band QPSK (Optional: 8PSK, QAM etc.) ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) Types of IRD : 69 Types of IRD Configuration parameter for IRD : 70 Carrier Frequency. Polarisation Type of modulation (QPSK, QAM etc.) FEC Symbol Rate. Configuration parameter for IRD Slide 71: 71 Input card Slide 72: 72 RF Receiver Loop through Output of IRD : 73 Output of IRD Analog Video and Analog Audio ASI (Asynchronous Serial Interface) Digital Video (SDI) and Digital Audio (AES/ EBU) (OPTIONAL) RS-232 data (LSD) (OPTIONAL) RS-422 data (HSD) (OPTIONAL) Ethernet (OPTIONAL) Slide 74: 74 Rear Panel Section Data Output : 75 Data Output Low Speed Data: Some Prof. IRDs can deliver Low speed data (LSD) transfer rates up to 115 Kbps over RS-232 port High Speed Data: Some professional IRDs can deliver High Speed Data (HSD) transfer rates upto 20 Mbps over a balance RS-422 port. Ethernet Data: Some Prof. IRDs can deliver data at transfer rates up to 100 Mbps over Ethernet port. De-scrambling : 76 De-scrambling (A) Internal CAS: Most of the professional IRDs are equipped with internal de-scrambler and two independent DVB-CI Common Interface slots. The internal DVB de-scrambler is suitable for manufacturers own proprietary CAS (e.g. CODI Crypt in Scopus 2800 IRDs, RAS in NDS Altea IRDs). (B) External CAS: DVB-CI can be used to decipher encrypted DVB signals by means of authorized smart card and CA specific CAM (Conditional Access Module). CA methods: Multcrypt, Simulcrypt CAS: Irdeto, Beta Crypt, NDS Videoguard, CODICrypt, Viaccess, Conax, Cryptoworks, Aston, On Digital, Digicipher 2, Nagravision, Canal+. De-scrambling conti…. : 77 De-scrambling conti…. (C) BISS-E: Most of the professional IRDs are equipped with BISS-E internal de-scrambler. Mode-0 : No Encryption Mode-1 : Fixed Control Word (CW) derived from Clear Session Word (SW) (12 Characters) Mode-E : Fixed Control Word derived from Encrypted Session Word (ESW) (16 Characters) BISS-E : 78 BISS-E 16 ch 12 ch 14 ch DVB CI Module & Smart Card : 79 DVB CI Module & Smart Card What is PCMCIA : 80 What is PCMCIA The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) is a standards body and trade association that consists of more than 300 member companies including manufactures of semiconductors, connectors, peripherals and systems, as well as BIOS and software developers and related industries. PCMCIA has developed standards for the personal computer cards (PC Cards). A PC Card is a small form-factor adapter for your personal computer, personal communicator or other electronic device. PC Cards are about the size and shape of a credit card. Slide 81: 81 Calculation of Symbol Rate To Calculate the Symbol Rate for QPSK configuration: Symbol Rate= BR M symbols/sec RSC*FEC*2 Where: BR=Bit Rate FEC=Forward error correction= Viterbi Code rate = ½, 2/3, ¾, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, etc. RSC= Reed Solomon Code Rate = 188 204 To Calculate the Symbol Rate for QAM configuration: Symbol Rate= BR M symbols/sec Reed_Solomon x QAM Where: BR= Bit Rate Reed Solomon= 188 204 QAM= 4 for QAM 16, 5 for QAM 32, 6 for QAM 64, 7 for QAM 128, or 8 for QAM 256. How to save Channels in Scopus IRD : 82 How to save Channels in Scopus IRD IRD-2600/2800 Save Setups Instructions: 1. Go to "Config-->Decoder-->Stream-->Service ID Source" and verify/select "Stream PSI-SI Tables" [press "Enter" to select] 2. Select frequency, symbol rate etc… and verify the IRD is locked. 3. Select the service you want to store. 4. Go to "Main Menu-->Run-->Service [page down to the end] -->Store Decoded Service to 010 [select from 001-146] -->Press the "Enter Key" to Save. 4. Repeat 3 and 4 to store additional services. IRD-2600/2800 – Recall Saved Setups Instructions: 1. Go to "Config-->Decoder-->Stream-->[ page down until reaching ] Service ID Source, [then go one step to the right and one step down to select] "Pre Programmed Memory" --> Press the "Enter" key to select. Note: The IRD will re-initialize, wait till completed. 2. Go to "Main Menu--> Run --> Service [page down to] DVB Service >010 [Select the number from 001-146, where the service was stored] 3. Repeat 2 to change the selected setup number. Tip: The front panel Left Arrow key is a direct shortcut to "DVB Service" menu. Front Panel Menu : 83 Front Panel Menu Slide 84: 84 Functional Model of MPEG-2 Transport Stream De-multiplexing Obtain program map PID (PID of bit stream containing the program map table Program Identity Program Identity Obtain PIDs for elementary bit stream Dump other transport packets Elementary bit stream for a program PID 1 PID 2 PID n Program map PID PID 0 System bit stream Program association table Program map table Slide 85: 85 Video Coding Audio Coding Data Coding Program multiplex Transport multiplex MPEG-2 source coding and multiplex Satellite Channel Adaptation 1 2 N Reed-Solomon 204,188 Outer Code Inter-leaver Modulator (QPSK) Inner code Digital Satellite System Block Diagram Slide 86: 86 Control Cable Configuration Slide 87: 87 IRD with ASI Loop through Thank You : 88 Thank You