logging in or signing up GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY hakeemkhan Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 920 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: November 10, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: hakeemkhan (7 month(s) ago) thanx for compliment keep it up....haya Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: haya297 (18 month(s) ago) thanks its very good ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY : GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY A SEMINAR ON Presented by ABDUL RAZZAQ 1st M.Pharm Dept. of Pharma.chemistry Under the Guidance of SYEDA HUMAIRA Luqman College Of Pharmacy Gulbarga Slide 2: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 3: Principles Partition of molecules between gas (mobile phase) and liquid which is coated on to a solid support is used as stationary phase. The mixture of components to be separated is converted to vapour and mixed with gaseous mobile phase. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 4: Gas Chromatography Slide 5: Detectors :- 1) Flame Ionization Detector 2) Thermal Conductivity Detector 3) Electron Capture Detector 4) Nitrogen phosphorus detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Thermal Conductivity Detector : Thermal Conductivity Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 7: Measures the changes of thermal conductivity due to the sample (mg). Sample can be recovered. 1)Thermal Conductivity Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 8: Principal: The thermal balance of a heated filament. Electrical power is converted to heat in a filament and the temperature will climb until heat power loss form the filament equals the electrical power input. The filament may loose heat by radiation to a cooler surface by conduction to the molecules which contact with the filament. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Advantages : Advantages Applicable to most compounds. Linearity is good. The sample is not destroyed and hence used in preparative scale. Simple, easy to maintain and inexpensive. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Disadvantages : Disadvantages Low sensitivity. Affected by fluctuations in temperature and flow rate. The response is only relative and not absolute. Biological samples cannot be analysed. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 11: 2) Flame Ionization Detector The ionisation detector are based upon the electrical conductivity of carrier gas. The carrier gas like hydrogen if in pure state does not induce current since there is no ionisation.When H2 is mixed with nitrogen or argon and passed in between platinum cathode and silver gauze anode will produce a current this can be amplified & recorded. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 12: Exhaust Chimney Igniter Hydrogen Inlet Column Effluent Collector Electrode Schematic Diagram of Flame Ionization Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Flame Ionization Detector : Flame Ionization Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 14: It as got two electrodes with the column effluent passing between them. One of the electrode is treated with a radioactive isotope which emits electrons.These electrons are collected by the anode when potential of 20volt is applied.The difference of current is amplified &recorded as out put.The carrier gas can be argon,N2,H2 etc. 3) Electron Capture Detector :- GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Electron Capture Detector : Electron Capture Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Electron capture detector : Electron capture detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Advantages : Advantages It is highly sensitive even nanogram quantities can be detected. Halogenated compounds, several pesticides, etc can be detected using this type of detector. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Disadvantages : Disadvantages It can be used only for compounds with electron affinity. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 19: It is also called as thermionic detector. It is a very sensitive, specific detector the design is based on the FID. Physically the sensor appears to be very similar to the FID but, in fact, operates on an entirely different. 4)Nitrogen phosphorus detector :- GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Nitrogen phosphorus detector : Nitrogen phosphorus detector Slide 21: It differs from that of the FID by a rubidium or cesium chloride bead contained inside a heater coil situated close to the hydrogen jet. The bead is situated above a jet and heated by a coil, over which the nitrogen carrier gas mixed with hydrogen passes. When a solute that contains nitrogen or phosphorus is eluted, the partially combusted nitrogen and phosphorus materials are adsorbed on the surface of the bead. The adsorbed material reduces the work function of the surface and thus, electron emission is increased and the current collected at the anode rises. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Advantage : Advantage It is highly sensitive, than the electron capture detector. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Disadvantages : Disadvantages The main disadvantage of this detector is that its performance deteriorates with time. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Gas Chromatography Application : Gas Chromatography Application GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 25: Qualitative analysis Checking the purity of compound Presence of impurities Quantitative analysis Multicomponent analysis or Determination of mixture of drugs GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY REFERENCES : REFERENCES Principles of instrumental analysis, 5 th edition,SKOOG, HOLLER, NIEMAN. Instrumental methods of analysis, 6 th edition, WILLARD, MERRIT, DEAN, SETTLE. Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, J MENDHAM, RC DENNEY JD BARNES, MJK THOMAS. www.google.com Slide 27: THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY hakeemkhan Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 920 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: November 10, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: hakeemkhan (7 month(s) ago) thanx for compliment keep it up....haya Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: haya297 (18 month(s) ago) thanks its very good ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY : GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY A SEMINAR ON Presented by ABDUL RAZZAQ 1st M.Pharm Dept. of Pharma.chemistry Under the Guidance of SYEDA HUMAIRA Luqman College Of Pharmacy Gulbarga Slide 2: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 3: Principles Partition of molecules between gas (mobile phase) and liquid which is coated on to a solid support is used as stationary phase. The mixture of components to be separated is converted to vapour and mixed with gaseous mobile phase. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 4: Gas Chromatography Slide 5: Detectors :- 1) Flame Ionization Detector 2) Thermal Conductivity Detector 3) Electron Capture Detector 4) Nitrogen phosphorus detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Thermal Conductivity Detector : Thermal Conductivity Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 7: Measures the changes of thermal conductivity due to the sample (mg). Sample can be recovered. 1)Thermal Conductivity Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 8: Principal: The thermal balance of a heated filament. Electrical power is converted to heat in a filament and the temperature will climb until heat power loss form the filament equals the electrical power input. The filament may loose heat by radiation to a cooler surface by conduction to the molecules which contact with the filament. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Advantages : Advantages Applicable to most compounds. Linearity is good. The sample is not destroyed and hence used in preparative scale. Simple, easy to maintain and inexpensive. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Disadvantages : Disadvantages Low sensitivity. Affected by fluctuations in temperature and flow rate. The response is only relative and not absolute. Biological samples cannot be analysed. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 11: 2) Flame Ionization Detector The ionisation detector are based upon the electrical conductivity of carrier gas. The carrier gas like hydrogen if in pure state does not induce current since there is no ionisation.When H2 is mixed with nitrogen or argon and passed in between platinum cathode and silver gauze anode will produce a current this can be amplified & recorded. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 12: Exhaust Chimney Igniter Hydrogen Inlet Column Effluent Collector Electrode Schematic Diagram of Flame Ionization Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Flame Ionization Detector : Flame Ionization Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 14: It as got two electrodes with the column effluent passing between them. One of the electrode is treated with a radioactive isotope which emits electrons.These electrons are collected by the anode when potential of 20volt is applied.The difference of current is amplified &recorded as out put.The carrier gas can be argon,N2,H2 etc. 3) Electron Capture Detector :- GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Electron Capture Detector : Electron Capture Detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Electron capture detector : Electron capture detector GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Advantages : Advantages It is highly sensitive even nanogram quantities can be detected. Halogenated compounds, several pesticides, etc can be detected using this type of detector. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Disadvantages : Disadvantages It can be used only for compounds with electron affinity. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 19: It is also called as thermionic detector. It is a very sensitive, specific detector the design is based on the FID. Physically the sensor appears to be very similar to the FID but, in fact, operates on an entirely different. 4)Nitrogen phosphorus detector :- GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Nitrogen phosphorus detector : Nitrogen phosphorus detector Slide 21: It differs from that of the FID by a rubidium or cesium chloride bead contained inside a heater coil situated close to the hydrogen jet. The bead is situated above a jet and heated by a coil, over which the nitrogen carrier gas mixed with hydrogen passes. When a solute that contains nitrogen or phosphorus is eluted, the partially combusted nitrogen and phosphorus materials are adsorbed on the surface of the bead. The adsorbed material reduces the work function of the surface and thus, electron emission is increased and the current collected at the anode rises. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Advantage : Advantage It is highly sensitive, than the electron capture detector. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Disadvantages : Disadvantages The main disadvantage of this detector is that its performance deteriorates with time. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Gas Chromatography Application : Gas Chromatography Application GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Slide 25: Qualitative analysis Checking the purity of compound Presence of impurities Quantitative analysis Multicomponent analysis or Determination of mixture of drugs GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY REFERENCES : REFERENCES Principles of instrumental analysis, 5 th edition,SKOOG, HOLLER, NIEMAN. Instrumental methods of analysis, 6 th edition, WILLARD, MERRIT, DEAN, SETTLE. Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, J MENDHAM, RC DENNEY JD BARNES, MJK THOMAS. www.google.com Slide 27: THANK YOU