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Basic Components Optional Processor Hard disk RAM Display / Video card Keyboard Drives : Hard Disk, Floppy Disk and CD-ROM Mouse Monitor Printer Scanner Modem DVD drive Speakers Zip Drive Types of Software
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Introduction A computer is a system made of two major components: hardware and software. Basic Hardware Components
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4 Types of Memory Primary Memory (a.k.a. RAM) Holds data and programs used by a process that is executing Only type of memory that a CPU deals with Secondary Memory (i.e. hard disk) Non-volatile memory used to store data when a process is not executing Input & Output Devices Keyboard Mouse Joy Stick Touch Screen Touch Pad Web Cam Scanner CRT Screens LCD Printer Speakers
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Algorithm It is the step by step method of performing any task . From Algorithms to Hardware Algorithm Program A real computer Translate (by a human being) Translate (by another program)
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Properties of an algorithm:- Finiteness :- An algorithm must terminate in a finite number of steps. Definiteness :- Each step of the algorithm must be precisely and unambiguously stated. Effectiveness:-Each step must be effective, and can be performed exactly in a finite amount of time. Generality :- The algorithm must be complete in itself. Input/Output :- Each algorithm must take zero, one or more inputs and produces one or more output values. The algorithm written in english like language is called pseudo code.
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Categories of an algorithm:- It is mainly divided in to three types. Sequence - A series of steps that we perform one after the other. - Steps carried out in given sequence Selection - Making a choice from multiple available options. - Next step depends on outcome of condition Iteration - Performing repetitive tasks - Partial sequence of steps executed repeatedly until condition reached