MUTAGENS

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MUTAGENS : 

MUTAGENS Natalia Stelson

Main types of mutagens: 

Main types of mutagens Chemical - Alkylating agents - Base analogs - Methylating Agents - DNA intercalating agents - DNA crosslinking agents - Reactive oxygen species UV radiation Ionizing radiation

Alkylating agents: 

Alkylating agents Alkyl- groups on DNA Crosslinking G in DNA

Classical alkylating agents: 

Classical alkylating agents Nitrogen mustards Cyclophosphamide Mechlorethamine or mustine (HN2) (trade name Mustardgen ) Uramustine or uracil mustard Melphalan Chlorambucil Ifosfamide Nitrosoureas Carmustine Lomustine Streptozocin Alkyl sulfonates Busulfan

Alkylating-like: 

Alkylating-like Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs (termed platinum analogues) act in a similar manner. These agents do not have an alkyl group Platinum Cisplatin Carboplatin Nedaplatin Oxaliplatin Satraplatin Triplatin tetranitrate These agents also bind at N7 of guanine.

Nonclassical: 

Nonclassical Procarbazine ’ Altretamine Some sources explicitly exclude the tetrazines ( dacarbazine , mitozolomide , temozolomide )

Base analogs: 

Base analogs Similar to one of nucleotides Incorrectly incorporate in DNA Mismatch in base pairing mutation ( change on other pair) - Bromodeoxyuracil ( BrdU ) - 5- Bromouracil (5-BU)

Methylating agents: 

Methylating agents methyl group on DNA Et hylme thanesulfonate (EMS)

DNA intercalating agents: 

DNA intercalating agents is the reversible inclusion of a molecule (or group) between two other molecules (or groups) berberine , ethidium bromide ( fluorescent), proflavine , daunomycin , doxorubicin , thalidomide

DNA-crosslinking agents : 

DNA-crosslinking agents Covalent bound between nucleotides platinum -base medicines

Reactive O2 Species: 

Reactive O 2 Species Hydrogen peroxide Hydroxyl radicals “Stealing” of electrons

UV radiation: 

UV radiation Covalent bound between T ” bulky” T dimers

Ionizing radiation : 

Ionizing radiation Ionize molecules by removing electrons