logging in or signing up KMT and Heat Intro grazianir Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1624 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: March 08, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Warm-Up : Warm-Up Give an example of an endothermic and exothermic change . Objectives : Objectives Describe the KMT. Compare a theory, hypothesis, and law. Compare and contrast heat and temperature. Explain how heat flows from one object to another. Calculate the heat gained or lost, specific heat, or temperature change of an object using a calorimeter Kinetic Molecular Theory : Kinetic Molecular Theory The Description of Matter Kinetic Molecular Theory : Kinetic Molecular Theory A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system KieticMolcularThery : KieticMolcularThery A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system KiticMocuar They : KiticMocuar They A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system KiicMcarTey : KiicMcarTey A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system KcMr Ty : KcMr Ty A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system K M T : K M T A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system What is a theory? : What is a theory? Theory explains observations Should include all observations Should be “flexible” What is a theory? : What is a theory? It is not a prediction Predictions are hypotheses A theory can support a hypothesis What is a theory? : What is a theory? It is not a description Laws are descriptions A theory becomes a law if not proven wrong Some theories are weak as they have few observations : Some theories are weak as they have few observations Some theories are strong as they have many observations : Some theories are strong as they have many observations Relativity No theory is ever completely wrong! : No theory is ever completely wrong! Nor is it ever completely right! K M T : K M T A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system K M T : K M T All matter is made of tiny particles Atoms Molecules Ions Species K M T : K M T All matter is made of tiny particles All particles are in constant motion Translation Rotation Vibration K M T : K M T All matter is made of tiny particles All particles are in constant motion Particles do not lose energy in collisions (elastic collisions) What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe matter Phases Crystals Describe processes Dissolving Phase changes What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Temperature – speed of the molecules Volume – space taken up by the molecules moving around Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Temperature – speed of the molecules Volume – space taken up by the Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Temperature – speed of the molecules Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Temperature – speed of the Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls Force on a surface Nt/m2 = Pascal Lb/in2 = psi What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls Force on a surface Height of liquid column barometer What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls Force on a surface Height of liquid column barometer cm water mm mercury = torr Energy : Energy All physical and chemical changes involve a change in energy. Sometimes energy must be supplied for the change in matter to occur. For example, for ice to melt, energy must be supplied so that the particles can move past one another. Temperature : Temperature Average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample. T Degrees Celsius -°C Degrees Fahrenheit - °F Kelvins – K Rankin - R Heat : Heat Total kinetic energy of the particles in a sample q Joules (SI) Calories BTU Which is hotter?(higher temperature) : Which is hotter?(higher temperature) Which contains more heat? : Which contains more heat? Heat Transfer : Heat Transfer Heat is always transferred from the hotter substance to the colder. Particles in the hotter substance therefore slow down (decrease in temp.) Particles in the colder substance therefore speed up (increase in temp.) Systems : Systems A system consists of all the components that are being studied at any given time. The surroundings include everything outside the system. Energy is often transferred back and forth between a system and its surroundings. Systems : Systems Closed First Law of Thermodynamics Heat lost = heat gained q1 = - q2 Put hot metal in water; the amount of heat given off by the metal is the amount of heat absorbed by the water. Open Heat can be transferred to other substances Calculations are not successful Remember??? : Remember??? Sea breeze Land breeze (match these) Exothermic : Exothermic A process that releases heat energy An exothermic process involves a transfer of energy from a system to its surroundings. Endothermic : Endothermic A process that absorbs energy An endothermic process involves a transfer of energy from the surroundings to the system. Heat Transfer : Heat Transfer Every exothermic process is accompanied by an endothermic process. HEAT Exothermic Endothermic Law of Conservation of Energy : Law of Conservation of Energy Units of Energy : Units of Energy The SI unit of energy is the Joule (J) Other units of energy. The calorie. 1 calorie = 4.184 J The kilocalorie (C) 1 C = 4184 J Same as a food calorie. Specific Heat : Specific Heat Touch the top of your desk and the metal part of your desk. How do their temperatures compare? Specific Heat : Specific Heat Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius. The higher the specific heat the more energy needed to heat the substance up. Heat Transfer : Heat Transfer Temperature change depends on three factors Amount of heat transferred Joules or calories or Calories (kilocalories) Mass of substance grams Specific heat J/g•°C cal/g•°C q = mCpT Measuring Heat : Measuring Heat Calorimeter Used to measure changes in heat by measuring changes in temperature. Uses principle heat gained equals heat lost. qlost = -qgained You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
KMT and Heat Intro grazianir Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1624 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: March 08, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Warm-Up : Warm-Up Give an example of an endothermic and exothermic change . Objectives : Objectives Describe the KMT. Compare a theory, hypothesis, and law. Compare and contrast heat and temperature. Explain how heat flows from one object to another. Calculate the heat gained or lost, specific heat, or temperature change of an object using a calorimeter Kinetic Molecular Theory : Kinetic Molecular Theory The Description of Matter Kinetic Molecular Theory : Kinetic Molecular Theory A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system KieticMolcularThery : KieticMolcularThery A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system KiticMocuar They : KiticMocuar They A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system KiicMcarTey : KiicMcarTey A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system KcMr Ty : KcMr Ty A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system K M T : K M T A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system What is a theory? : What is a theory? Theory explains observations Should include all observations Should be “flexible” What is a theory? : What is a theory? It is not a prediction Predictions are hypotheses A theory can support a hypothesis What is a theory? : What is a theory? It is not a description Laws are descriptions A theory becomes a law if not proven wrong Some theories are weak as they have few observations : Some theories are weak as they have few observations Some theories are strong as they have many observations : Some theories are strong as they have many observations Relativity No theory is ever completely wrong! : No theory is ever completely wrong! Nor is it ever completely right! K M T : K M T A theory that explains the behavior of physical systems. Depends on the combined actions of the molecules constituting the system K M T : K M T All matter is made of tiny particles Atoms Molecules Ions Species K M T : K M T All matter is made of tiny particles All particles are in constant motion Translation Rotation Vibration K M T : K M T All matter is made of tiny particles All particles are in constant motion Particles do not lose energy in collisions (elastic collisions) What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe matter Phases Crystals Describe processes Dissolving Phase changes What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Temperature – speed of the molecules Volume – space taken up by the molecules moving around Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Temperature – speed of the molecules Volume – space taken up by the Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Temperature – speed of the molecules Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Temperature – speed of the Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Describe properties Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls and each other What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls Force on a surface Nt/m2 = Pascal Lb/in2 = psi What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls Force on a surface Height of liquid column barometer What’s KMT used for? : What’s KMT used for? Pressure – particles bouncing off of the walls Force on a surface Height of liquid column barometer cm water mm mercury = torr Energy : Energy All physical and chemical changes involve a change in energy. Sometimes energy must be supplied for the change in matter to occur. For example, for ice to melt, energy must be supplied so that the particles can move past one another. Temperature : Temperature Average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample. T Degrees Celsius -°C Degrees Fahrenheit - °F Kelvins – K Rankin - R Heat : Heat Total kinetic energy of the particles in a sample q Joules (SI) Calories BTU Which is hotter?(higher temperature) : Which is hotter?(higher temperature) Which contains more heat? : Which contains more heat? Heat Transfer : Heat Transfer Heat is always transferred from the hotter substance to the colder. Particles in the hotter substance therefore slow down (decrease in temp.) Particles in the colder substance therefore speed up (increase in temp.) Systems : Systems A system consists of all the components that are being studied at any given time. The surroundings include everything outside the system. Energy is often transferred back and forth between a system and its surroundings. Systems : Systems Closed First Law of Thermodynamics Heat lost = heat gained q1 = - q2 Put hot metal in water; the amount of heat given off by the metal is the amount of heat absorbed by the water. Open Heat can be transferred to other substances Calculations are not successful Remember??? : Remember??? Sea breeze Land breeze (match these) Exothermic : Exothermic A process that releases heat energy An exothermic process involves a transfer of energy from a system to its surroundings. Endothermic : Endothermic A process that absorbs energy An endothermic process involves a transfer of energy from the surroundings to the system. Heat Transfer : Heat Transfer Every exothermic process is accompanied by an endothermic process. HEAT Exothermic Endothermic Law of Conservation of Energy : Law of Conservation of Energy Units of Energy : Units of Energy The SI unit of energy is the Joule (J) Other units of energy. The calorie. 1 calorie = 4.184 J The kilocalorie (C) 1 C = 4184 J Same as a food calorie. Specific Heat : Specific Heat Touch the top of your desk and the metal part of your desk. How do their temperatures compare? Specific Heat : Specific Heat Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree Celsius. The higher the specific heat the more energy needed to heat the substance up. Heat Transfer : Heat Transfer Temperature change depends on three factors Amount of heat transferred Joules or calories or Calories (kilocalories) Mass of substance grams Specific heat J/g•°C cal/g•°C q = mCpT Measuring Heat : Measuring Heat Calorimeter Used to measure changes in heat by measuring changes in temperature. Uses principle heat gained equals heat lost. qlost = -qgained