Fairs & Festival

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FAIRS AND FESTIVALS

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FAIRS AND FESTIVALS Fairs and festivals are very common occasion all over India Celebration are being conducted mostly for spiritually reasons Eg. Mahamaham, Alagar, Hordwar mela etc. Large No. of people gather from all over India Festival area like Thirupathi, Palani etc. have celebration throughout the year Some festivals last more than week or a month Each festivals has its own belief, customs and method of celebration

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PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANTS Large No. of People gather from different places like towns and cities. All the People need - Accommodation - Safe water and Food - Toilet and Urinal facilities - Transport facilities - Communication etc. “Existing facilities will not adequate to meet the large demand at a time, additional facilities should be provided”

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3. Importing infectious Diseases People may transmit disease from their native place to festival area. 4. Exporting infectious Disease People may transmit disease from festival area to their native place. 5. Law and order problem 6. Traffic Problem 7. Accidents 8. Medical Facilities 9. Sanitary Disposal of Waste

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Chance of Epidemic Large No. of epidemic reported during (or) after festival - Spread wider area, lost longer because of uncontrolled migration of People. - New strain may be introduced. Inadequate treatment facilities, Transport facilities, Availability of drugs, Manpower etc. may lead to high fatality. The Govt. has given prime importance to fairs and festivals.

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Historical Perspectives Epidemics of Cholera and Small pox had reported frequently after large festivals. The great pandemic of cholera (1867 to 1870) ORIGINATED IN HORDWAR MELA (April 1867) Celebrated once in 12 years Expected crowed is around 20 to 30 lakhs Duration of Festival is 10 – 12 days Festival started 3 rd April 1867

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OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA ON 11 th APRIL 1867 Spread very fast and mortality was very high Treatment facilities were inadequate Due to fear people flew in different direction Thousands of them died in roads.

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The Pilgrims transmitted cholera throughout India Spread to Kashmere and Kabul Epidemic reached “ Meshed ” (1868) Place of Pilgrimage Spread to Russia, Turkey in 1869 Spread to Europe Recorded death in Europe - more than 1 million Russia - 2,42,000

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12 Years latter in next Hordware festival Cholera Pandemic occurred in same manner. In 1912 in Bihar post festival cholera epidemic caused 34,000 death The great MAHAMAHAM festival in 1897 was followed by severe outbreak of cholera. Wides spread epidemic in southern districts. Caused death of thousands of People.

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PILGRIMAGE COMMITTEE The Govt. framed PILGRIMAGE COMMITTEE in 1912 Duty is inspect the activities of festival and make necessary recommendation to the Government. - The epidemics following festivals are not investigated properly, there is no record (or) data - Smaller festivals are not reported, poorly supervised might be the focci of epidemic - Elaborate arrangements are made only to large festivals like Mahamaham and citra festivals etc. - Insist on formation of festival committee consisting members from various department to look after and execute the festival arrangement.

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Dr. K. T. MATHEW’S REPORT In 1920 the Govt. appointed Dr. K.T. MATHEW, Assistant Director, Public Health Department, as a special officer to inspect the festival area and submit his remarks. He visited many festival area in Madras province He him self organised Mahamaham festival on 1921 February and Pushkaram festival on August / September 1921 He prepared detailed report and submitted to the Government in which he pointed out defects and recommendations.

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His Recommendation: - Sanitation Toilet, Urinals and disposal of waste / Night soil etc. - Safe water supply - Food sanitation - Accomodation - Medical aid - Communication - Police services etc. He also pointed out the Important of Co-ordination among various department Based on his report the Govt. issued orders to local bodies and concerned departments regarding. - Activities to be carried out during fairs and festivals - Departments to be involved - Reporting system etc.

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CLASSIFICATION: PILGRIME CENTER PERINNIAL PILGRIME CENTER - Celebration throughout the year - Large crowed will visit through out the year. Eg. Thirupathi, Palani, Srirangam etc. PERIODIC PILGRIME CENTER - Celebrated in only specified periods - Duration may be one day or week etc. Eg. Mahamaham, Citra festivals, Mariamman festivals etc.

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Departments responsible for conducting festivals. Local government and Temple authority are responsible for conducting fairs and festivals Other Departments to be involved Health Department Revenue PWD TWAD Highways Transport Communication Police Fire Department Any other departments as required. The perfect Co-ordination among all the departments is must for successful celebration of festivals.

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GENERAL ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT 1. Sanitation Conservency Toilet and Urinals 2. Safe water supply 3. Food supply and Food Sanitation 4. Transportation 5. Bus stands 6. Communication cont..

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7. Police Services 8. Traffic control 9. Medical services 10. Laboratory Services 11. Fire Service 12. Surveillance

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Assessing existing facilities and estimation of actual requirement is an important task in effective planning. Activities to be performed 1. Collect the necessary details about the festivals 2. Collect the details on existing facilities 3. Estimate the requirements 4. Preparation of Form - I report 5. Preparation of Action Plan 6. Conduct Co-ordination meeting 7. Conducting of festivals / Supervision / Monitoring 8. Form - II report 9. Form – III report

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1. DETAILS ABOUT FAIRS AND FESTIVALS Events proposed for festivals Total No. of days (durations) Special occasion during the festival period Any special religious belief that followed by pilgrims eg. Prasadam., Hollydip, Fire walk etc. Different place of celebrations Any other relevant data required for planning

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2. Basic data on existing facilities and Estimation of requirements General Information : Area in Square KM Map of the area Climate condition Religion Socio economic status Occupational status No. of Houses No. of Wards No. of Streets No. of Temple / Church / Mosque Bus Stand Railway Station Fire Station Police Station

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conservancy Available Requirement Remarks Vehicle Material Manpower 3. Basic data on available facilities and estimation of requirements Location Available Requirement Remarks M F M F SANITATION TOILET / URINALS

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Source Available Requirement Remarks Tap OHT Tanks Details Available Requirement Remarks Hospital Dispensary Nursing Home Operation Theatre Pharmacy Ambulance SAFE WATER SUPPLY MEDICAL AID

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Details Available Requirement Remarks Medical officer Paramedical staff Sanitary Inspectors Health Inspectors MAN POWER Details Available Requirement Remarks Medical Laboratory Public Health Laboratory Food Laboratory LABORATORY SERVICES

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Existing Surveillance System Proposed Surveillance System Requirement Remarks SURVEILLANCE Details Sanitation Capacity Requirement Remarks Good Poor Lodges Chatram etc ACCOMODATION

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Details Sanitation License Remarks Hotels Tea Stall Sweet Stall Small Industries etc DANGEROUS AND OFFENSIVE TRADE Details Available Requirement Remarks Bus Train Taxi etc TRANSPORT

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Details Available Requirement Remarks Telephone Wireless Cable TV etc COMMUNICATION Details Available Requirement Remarks Police Fire works POLICE

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Details Management Material Remarks Drainage Pond Tank OHT Septic Tank etc BREEDING SOURCES Details Material Requirement Man power Remarks Anti larval Anti adult Environmental control REQUIREMENT OF VECTOR CONTROL

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Disease Incidence Population affected Remarks MORBIDITY DATA FOR PAST 3 YEARS

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Form I Report Deals with - Activities to be performed - Requirements of man power / Materials - Expenditure statement Prepared by local body Sanctioned by Council Sent to Director of Public Health for the approval through Deputy Director of Health Get sanctioned by DPH for implementation

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Preparation of Action Plan What / When / Where / Whom / Who How / How long / The approach etc. Details planned for each activities “ Action Plan should include the alternative plan for each activities ” “ Separate Plan of Action for Emergency Management should be prepared by each departments ”

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Co-ordination Meeting Under the chairmanship of Collector Political persons / Chairman / Councilors, MLA , MP etc. Head of each department NGO etc Will meet as required

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Conducting the Programme Supervision For each activities Ensure the quality Correct the mistake immediately Surveillance and Outbreak Management All the hospitals should send the report every day Report collected in prescribed Proforma Analyses and immediate out break response

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Communication cell: Public / officials should aware of communication cell number Message should be communicated to this office - Emergency service - Traffic management - Crowd management - Medical camp - Food sanitation - Water sanitation - Vector Control

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Form II Report Details with extend to which the arrangement fore cost in the Form I were Adhered (or) Departed The difficulties faced The advantage and disadvantage Expenditure statement Prepared by local body and send to DPH for approval with in 15 days after completion of festivals. Form III Send to DPH as required in case of any epidemic reported during (or) following the festivals. The report send in prescribed format.

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Documentation: Should have following details about each events How planned and Implemented Difficulties faced Solution made Crisis management Useful in: - Better Planning next time - New person assumed changes - Evaluation - Teaching / Training etc.

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ACT RELATED FOR FAIRS & FESTIVALS PUBLIC HEALTH ACT Sec 116 : NOTIFICATION OF FAIRS AND FESTIVALS Govt. by Notification and declare any area as fairs and festival center for specified period. Sec 117: Levy of pilgrim tax on travelers. Sec 118: Levy of Toll on Vehicles. Sec 119: The person in charge of conducting fairs and festivals will inform the local authority (or) Health authority 6 months before the commencement of festival (or) fairs. He also furnish other particulars related to the festivals.

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Sec 120: The local authority in the area shall make provision for sanitary arrangements. 1. Preparation of site for festival. 2. Supply of water / Safe / Sufficient. 3. Accommodation of pilgrims. 4. Lighting. 5. Food. 6. Collection removal, disposal of refuse and rubbish. 7. Latrines / Urinals. Cont..

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8. Detection, segregation and isolation of person suffering from infectious disease and prevent the spread of disease. 9. Medical Camp. 10. Such other purpose as may be prescribed. Sec 121: All the arrangements to be supervised by Health officer. Sec 122: Power to enter and seize unwholesome food. Sec 123: Occupation of building etc required in connection with fairs and festivals. Sec 124: Control over private source of water.

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Sub section (i): The Health officer can close (or) disinfect any private water source if it likely to cause the spread of the disease among person reporting to fairs and festivals. Sub section (ii) & (iii): If the owner does not comply Can take N / A and recover the reasonable expenses incurred. Section 125: License has to be taken by the owner (or) occupier of a house not being a lodging house registered under chapter XI for purpose of gain accommodate the visitors in the house during festivals found from executive officer (or) Health officers.

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Sec 76: Power of the Govt. to confer special powers on officers to control notified diseases. The Govt. ie. District collector by notification in gazette declare and empower the Health officer to exercise the special powers namely. a. Evacuation of infected houses. b. Examining any persons coming from and leaving adjacent to the infected area by special medical officer. c. Disinfectant the cloth, bedding and other articles used by the infected persons.

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d. Restrict the movement of persons suspected to have infected. e. Power to close any market. f. Destroying any infected articles. **********

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Thanking you