DESIGNING OF MIS IN AGRICULTURL EXTENSION AND SCOPE

DESIGNING OF MIS IN AGRICULTURL EXTENSION AND SCOPE FOR COMPUTERIZATION : 

Presented by, GOPAL Y.M Ph.D Scholar Department of Agril. Extn . UAS, Bangalore DESIGNING OF MIS IN AGRICULTURL EXTENSION AND SCOPE FOR COMPUTERIZATION

INTRODUCTION: 

INTRODUCTION Management Information System MIS is a system that provides information needed to manage organizations efficiently and effectively. Three primary resources: Technology Information People.

Examples of ways that an Extension Organization uses Information: 

Examples of ways that an Extension Organization uses Information Change in specific farm outputs (yields, practices) following selected extension activities. Change in staff productivity following selected interventions (in-service training, better transport, etc). Comparison of relative costs and relative effectiveness of alternative extension delivery methods . Analysis of economic returns to farmers who adopt recommended practices as compared to those who do not.

ROLE OF MIS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROGRAMMES: 

ROLE OF MIS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROGRAMMES In an agricultural extension organization, MIS is needed: 1. To plan the most effective allocation of resources, Example, the allocation of extension personnel under various extension systems 2. To choose between alternative courses of action Example: whether to conduct a study on the impact of the system with the resources on hand or hire an expert to investigate 3. To control day-to-day operations Example: comparing the actual results achieved and those planned under the system.

Design of a MIS in an agricultural extension organization: 

Design of a MIS in an agricultural extension organization 3 steps in designing a MIS for a agricultural extension system. Assessing Information Needs for Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation Deciding the Levels of Information Groups, Information Frequency, and Content Ensuring System Flexibility and Adaptability

Step One: Assessing Information Needs for Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation : 

Step One: Assessing Information Needs for Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation Example, 1. Village Extension Workers (VEWs): To solve village level problems 2. Supervisors: To resolve the problems reported by VLWs Document on how problems were solved for future reference. 3. State-level managers: For implementing extension programmes district by district. They need information on staffing, transport, research-extension linkages, staff training activities Feedback from field staff and farmers on farmer problems

Step Two: Deciding the level of Information Groups, Information Frequency, and Content : 

Step Two: Deciding the level of Information Groups, Information Frequency, and Content Deciding level of information groups: ex: 5 Levels of information Groups in India's Agricultural Extension System . 2. Information Frequency How regularly each level of managers need information Content Content varies according to level of management

Levels of information Groups in India's Agricultural Extension System. : 

Levels of information Groups in India's Agricultural Extension System . Levels Groups Types of Information Needed Central Extension commissioner, joint commissioners, directors, joint directors, etc. of the directorate of extension, ministry of agriculture 1. human resources, plans, and budgets for various extension services 2. statewide monitoring and evaluation of activities completed State Director of agriculture, additional director, joint directors, etc. of the state department of agriculture District wide information on extension programmes, activities, expenditures, etc Research-extension linkages and coordination with other allied departments such as animal husbandry and horticulture District District agricultural officers (DAOs) Information on extension resources and constraints at subdivision and block levels Training requirements of staff at subdivision and block levels Subdivision Sub divisional agricultural officers Field demonstration programmes, activities planned and implemented by subject-matter specialists (SMSs) (zone) at the block level Technical programme and constraints identified at the block level Block (county) Agricultural extension officers Performance of VEWs in terms of achievements in extension activities Field-level problem of assessment of beneficiaries' response to various extension programmes

COMPONENTS OF STEP TWO: 

COMPONENTS OF STEP TWO Documentation: Paper, magnetic tapes, magnetic disks, microfilms, film strips, and a few other devices. Information retrieval : Information in some desired and meaningful format. Presentation: keeping Information In a form and format suitable to the needs of extension managers.

Step Three: Ensuring System Flexibility and Adaptability : 

Step Three: Ensuring System Flexibility and Adaptability Flexibility Means the ability to retrieve information from a system in whatever form it may be needed by decision makers. Adaptability Means the system also must serve the needs of the district, regional, state or provincial, and national levels..

SCOPE FOR COMPUTERIZATION OF MIS IN EXTENSION: 

SCOPE FOR COMPUTERIZATION OF MIS IN EXTENSION Integration of data in all the levels to support planning, monitoring, and decision making. They may write programmes, or may often use ready-made programmes stored in the computer for analysis Software's like DBMS helps in accessing data, developing models, and performing information processing directly. Use of automation makes it possible to store immense quantities of information, to avoid many of the errors.

SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES AND EVALUATION: 

SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES AND EVALUATION I. Centralized information system Handles all processing at a single computer site, maintains a single central database, has centralized development of applications, provides central technical services centrally. Advantages 1. Standardization in the collection of data and the release of information. 2. Reduces the need for multiple hardware, software, space, personnel, and databases.

A typical centralized MIS for a national extension system.: 

A typical centralized MIS for a national extension system.

II. Decentralized Information System: 

II. Decentralized Information System Have no central control of system development, no communication links among autonomous computing units, and stand-alone processors and databases at various sites. Advantages User motivation and satisfaction are more because users feel more involved and more responsible, systems are better customized to their specific needs, and they usually get better response time in routine operations as well as in requests for changes.

MAINTENANCE OF MIS: 

MAINTENANCE OF MIS Organization of a database Three criteria's for database Management Comprehensiveness : means that all the data about the subject are actually present in the database. Non redundancy: means that each individual piece of data exists only once in the database. Appropriate structure: means that the data are stored in such a way as to minimize the cost of expected processing and storage DBMSs available in the market under different trade names such as ORACLE, SYBASE, INGRES, FOXBASE, and dBASE .

Networking and interactive processing: 

Networking and interactive processing Networking of MIS includes DBMS and telecommunications. DBM S-Makes data integration and processing possible Telecommunication-brings information closer to the end users

CONCLUSION: 

CONCLUSION Extension managers at various levels need relevant information in order to make effective decisions. In the absence of such information, they act only on the basis of their intuition and past experience. Data that have been processed, stored, and presented properly will aid them in analysing situations and to make effective decisions.