Turfgrass Soils

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Turfgrass Soils: 

Turfgrass Soils

Think Turf?: 

Think Turf?

Functions of Soil: 

Functions of Soil support provides nutrition for plants retains moisture

Soils have 3 phases: 

Soils have 3 phases solid liquid air

Components of soil: 

Components of soil Organic Matter (5%) Air (25%) Water (25%) Minerals (45%)

Soil Pores: 

Soil Pores water-filled holes size affects water availability provides soil solution air-filled holes not continuous RH at 100% high CO2 (>300x that of air) low O2 (10-12%)

Soil texture = size range of particles in the soil: 

Soil texture = size range of particles in the soil qualitative = “feel” quantitative = particle size analysis

USDA Soil Textural Classes: 

USDA Soil Textural Classes Very Coarse Sand 2.00 - 1.00 Coarse Sand 1.00 - 0.50 Medium Sand 0.50 - 0.25 Fine Sand 0.25 - 0.10 Very Fine Sand 0.10 - 0.05 Silt 0.05 - 0.002 Clay <0.002 diameter (mm)

Slide9: 

% Sand 0 % Clay % Silt 100 100 0 0 100 Sand Clay Silt Loam

Quantitative measurements of soil structure : 

Quantitative measurements of soil structure Bulk density = weight of a volume of dry soil ex. how much does 1 cm3 of soil weigh ?? Particle density = weight of the solids volume of the solids

Why are these terms important ??: 

Why are these terms important ?? Bulk density - determines the porosity of the soil soils that are loose and porous have low weights per volume soils that are packed have high weights per volume

As a general rule, turfgrasses will always perform better in soils with low bulk density than soils with a high bulk density: 

As a general rule, turfgrasses will always perform better in soils with low bulk density than soils with a high bulk density

The 3 secrets of growing good turf: 

The 3 secrets of growing good turf drainage ! drainage ! drainage !

Adequate drainage for turfed surfaces can be achieved by:: 

Adequate drainage for turfed surfaces can be achieved by: surface drainage subsurface drainage both is ideal

Slide15: 

Surface Subsurface

Slide16: 

Coarse Layer (large pores) Less Coarse Layer (smaller pores) Drainage is promoted Soil Texture and Drainage are Interconnected

Slide17: 

Coarse Layer (large pores) Less Coarse Layer (smaller pores) A “Perched” Water Table Occurs Soil Texture and Drainage are Interconnected

Where do you find perched water tables ???: 

Where do you find perched water tables ??? USGA Putting Greens Precision Athletic Turf Sports Fields Fragipan soils Shallow soils over rock

Slide19: 

The USGA Rootzone

When is surface drainage important ??: 

When is surface drainage important ?? always high-traffic areas with soil growing zones sports fields where play must continue general rule of thumb for adequate slope is 1-2%

Slide21: 

12-18” 160 ft. drain tile Native Soil Football Field (crown dimensions)

Slide22: 

Wet soils are easily compacted

Slide23: 

Herringbone drainage system under a crowned sports field

Slide24: 

6-12” 160 - 225 ft. drain tile Native Soil Soccer Field (crown dimensions)

Slide25: 

6-12” 160 ft. drain tile Sand-Based Football Field (crown dimensions) * superior internal drainage reduces the need for a high crown