Cultivation2

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Cultivation: 

Cultivation

Water Injection Cultivation : 

Water Injection Cultivation Research at MSU for Toro (Murphy & Rieke. 1994. Agron. J. 86:719-724) High pressure water pulse-injected 10 millisecond pulses at 5000 psi = 600 mph!

Water-Injection technology: 

Water-Injection technology Used for about 10 years Should be used as a supplement to normal core-aerification Used frequently during the summer on bentgrass greens (Can be over-used) Very little disruption of the surface

Slide5: 

Water (chemical) injection systems

Water Injection Cultivation: 

Water Injection Cultivation Advantages No surface disruption, can use anytime of season Improved shoot growth Decr. bulk density Incr. saturated hydraulic conductivity (percolation rate)

Water Injection Cultivation: 

Water Injection Cultivation Disadvantages -Most useful for putting greens Expensive Slow Requires nearby H2O source

Coring vs. Water Injection: 

Coring vs. Water Injection

Dryjet: 

Dryjet

Slicing & Spiking: 

Slicing & Spiking Slicing: V-shaped knives on drum; 3-4" depth Minimal surface disruption Alleviate midsummer stress on fairway/high traffic turf

Slicing & Spiking: 

Slicing & Spiking Spiking: Similar to slicing; only 1" depth; reduced hole length Greens Athletic fields: facilitate overseeding

Slicing & Spiking: 

Slicing & Spiking Both used for: infiltration Minimum alleviation of soil compaction stimulate root/shoot growth

Vertical Mowing: 

Vertical Mowing good for preparing to overseed thatch removal

Vertical Mowing (Power raking, dethatching): 

Vertical Mowing (Power raking, dethatching) Vertically oriented knives on rapidly rotating shaft High set: Cut stolons/leaves for grain control Disrupt cores from coring Low set: Remove/disrupt thatch Very low set: Cultivate soil—surface compaction? Overseeding operation

Secondary Cultivation Practices: 

Secondary Cultivation Practices De-thatching Aerification Top-dressing Rolling

Why are secondary cultivation practices necessary ??: 

Why are secondary cultivation practices necessary ?? Repair compaction Protect grass crowns Stimulate shoot and root growth Smooth surfaces Enhance overall quality

Specific problems that require secondary cultural practices: 

Specific problems that require secondary cultural practices Wear and compaction Thatch or organic layer building Uneven or bumpy surfaces

Good Turf = Good Roots: 

Good Turf = Good Roots

Topdressing: 

Topdressing The application of sand, soil, or organic matter to a turf surface Used heavily on golf and sports fields to: protect crowns reduce thatch smooth surface Used to backfill aerification holes

Slide21: 

Top-dressers come in many styles and sizes

Slide22: 

Light Smooth surface Enhance green speed Protect growing points Heavy Backfill aerification Reduce thatch

Slide23: 

Heavy top-dressing must be brushed in to holes and the turf canopy

Slide24: 

fiber mats Steel mats Various types of methods are used to smooth top-dressing sand blowers