impressionism: the story of a grand revolt

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IMPRESSIONISM The Story of a Grand Revolt by Gainor Roberts

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Bazille

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Caillebotte

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Cassatt

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Cézanne

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Degas

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Guillaumin

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Manet

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Monet

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Morisot

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Pissarro

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Renoir

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Sisley

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NEOCLASSICISM Napoleon on his Imperial throne oil on canvas 1806 Jean August Ingres 1780-1867 Jacques-Louis David 1748-1825 Napoleon Crossing the Alps oil on canvas 1800

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Ingres Oedipus explains the riddle of the Sphinx c1805

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ROMANTICISM Raft of the Medusa oil on canvas 1819 Theodore Géricault 1791-1824 The Fifth Plague of Egypt oil on canvas 1800 Joseph Mallord Turner 1775-1851

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Raft of the Medusa oil on canvas 1819 Theodore Géricault 1791-1824

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The Fifth Plague of Egypt oil on canvas 1800 Joseph Mallord Turner 1775-1851

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TRANSITIONS TO THE IMPRESSIONISTS Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot 1796 -1875 Portrait of Corot by Nadar Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet 1819-1877 Portrait of Courbet by Nadar COURBET COROT

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Early Courbet The Artist's Studio : A Real Allegory of a Seven Year Phase in my Artistic and Moral Life 1855 (141.33 × 235.43 in) oil on canvas

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Late Courbet Cliffs at Etretat, After the Storm, 1870

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Early Corot The Bridge at Narni 1826

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Late Corot Stormy Weather, Pas de Calais c 1870

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Eugène Boudin c. 1890s 1824 –1898 portrait photographer unknown DELACROIX BOUDIN Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix 1798 -1863 Portrait of Delacroix by Nadar TRANSITIONS TO THE IMPRESSIONISTS

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Early Delacroix The Barque of Dante 1822

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Late Delacroix Arab Horses Fighting in a Stable 1860

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Early Boudin Mullet and Fish no date

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Middle Boudin Environs de Portrieux (The Coast Near Portrieux, Brittany) 1874

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Late Boudin The Cliffs at Etretat 1890

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HOW TO MAKE IT AS AN ARTIST IN MID 19th CENTURY FRANCE 1)Go to the Ecole des Beaux Arts and excel in your craft 2)Submit paintings to the Salon and win medals, commissions and prestige 3)Get bored and/or angry at the Academy and go to one of the independent art schools or study at the atelier of a master 4)Spend the night in a Paris Café drinking and arguing about art

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L’ECOLE DES BEAUX-ARTS

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THE SALON SYSTEM Camille Cabaillot Lassalle Le Salon 1874

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Honoré Daumier Free Admission Day— Twenty-Five Degrees of Heat The Two Schools Face to Face, Bertall, 1867

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THE SALON REVOLT OF 1863 and the Salon des Refusés Manet’s Le déjeuner sur l'herbe 1862-1863

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THE INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS THE ACADÉMIE JULIEN THE ACADÉMIE COLAROSSI THE ACADÉMIE SUISSE ATELIERS were run by artists who had earned a huge reputation and who had followers who wanted to learn from the master. This tradition is still alive today

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The Studio by Académie Julian student Marie Bashkirtseff

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At the Académie Colarossi, Paris. Tavik Frantisek Šimon (1877-1942)Drypoint. 34,5x21cm

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The Academy Suisse by Ludovic Piette (1826-1878) who was a friend of Pissaro’s who painted with him often and showed his work in the 3rd and 4th Impressionist shows.

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(Charles Gleyre 1806 -1874), was a Swiss artist. He took over the studio of Paul Delaroche in 1843 and taught a number of younger artists including Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Frederic Bazille, Alfred Sisley and James Abbott McNeill Whistler. Charles Gleyre

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EARLY MONET Flowers and Fruit 1858 Monet Breaks with Gleyre

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FINALLY IF ALL ELSE FAILS….DRINK Edgar Degas, L’Absinthe, 1876

Self Portrait by Félix Nadar : 

Self Portrait by Félix Nadar Félix Tournachon was a man-about-town, jack of all trades, and a painter, journalist, caricaturist, balloonist and pioneering photographer

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THE FIRST IMPRESSIONIST EXHIBITION APRIL 15, 1874 Morisot Renoir Monet Pissaro Boudin Degas Sisley Cézanne Rouart

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Sisley Autumn: Banks of the Seine near Bougival 1873 Oil on canvas

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Pissaro The Chestnut Trees at Osnyc. 1873 Oil on canvas

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Cezanne Study: Landscape at Auversc. 1873 Oil on canvas

Claude Monet, Impression, Soleil Levant, 1872 : 

Claude Monet, Impression, Soleil Levant, 1872

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THE IMPRESSIONIST TECHNIQUE Short, thick strokes of paint are used to quickly capture the essence of the subject, rather than its details. This is called broken brushwork.

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Colors are applied side-by-side with as little mixing as possible, creating a vibrant surface. The optical mixing of colors occurs in the eye of the viewer.

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Grays and dark tones are produced by mixing complementary colors. In pure Impressionism the use of black paint is avoided. However most of the painters put black back on their palettes in later years.

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Wet paint is placed into wet paint without waiting for successive applications to dry, producing softer edges and an intermingling of color.

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Paint in the late afternoon, evening or early morning to get the atmospheric effects of the light during those times of the day

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THE OTHER REVOLT artist’s materials

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from this

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to this

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MODERN PIGMENTS ARRIVE 1802 Cobalt Blue 1809 Chromium Green Oxide Indian Yellow 1817 Cadmium Yellow 1821 Cerulean Blue Ultramarine Blue Zinc White Rose Madder Aureolin Viridian Cobalt Violet 1840 Production of Cadmium red, yellow and green is more commonplace due to its availability

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DELACROIX’S PALETTE

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DEGAS’ PALETTE

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Monet’s Palette

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MY PALETTE

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THE IMPRESSIONISTS Bazille Caillebotte Cassatt Cézanne Degas Guillaumin Manet Monet Morisot Pissarro Renoir Sisley

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Frédéric Bazille Self Portrait 1865 FRÉDÉRIC BAZILLE 1841 –1870

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Frederic Bazille View of the Village 1868

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Bazille's Studio; 9 rue de la Condamine, 1870

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Gustave Caillebotte Self Portrait 1892 Gustave Caillebotte 1848-1894

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Caillebotte The Floor Scrapers 1875

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Gustave Caillebotte Le Pont de l’Europe 1888

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Inside the Barnes Museum, Merion, Pennsylvania showing paintings by Seurat, Cezanne, and other Impressionist and Post Impressionist works

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Self-portrait by Mary Cassatt, c. 1878, gouache on paper, MARY CASSATT 1844-1926

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Mary Cassatt Woman in Black at the Opera 1879

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Mary Cassatt Mother and Child against a Green Background 1887

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Self-portrait by Paul Cézanne, 1875 PAUL CÉZANNE 1839 –1906

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Paul Cézanne Still Life with a Ginger Jar and Eggplants 1893-94

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Paul Cézanne Monte Sainte-Victoire above the Tholonet Road 1896-98

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Self-portrait by Edgar Degas 1855 EDGAR DEGAS 1834 –1917

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Edgar Degas The Cotton Exchange 1873 New Orleans

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Edgar Degas The Millinery Shop 1882

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Self-portrait by Armand Guillaumin 1878 ARMAND GUILLAUMIN 1841 - 1927

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Armand Guillaumin Sunset at Ivry 1873

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Armand Guillaumin La Place Valhubert, 1875

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Self-portrait by Édouard Manet 1879 ÉDOUARD MANET 1832 - 1883

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Édouard Manet Peonies 1864

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Edouard Manet A Bar at the Folies-Bergère 1881-82

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Self-portrait by Claude Monet 1886 CLAUDE MONET 1840-1926

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Claude Monet The Highway Bridge at Argenteuil 1874

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Claude Monet Houses of Parliament, London, Sun Breaking through Fog 1904

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Self-portrait by Berthe Morisot 1885 BERTHE MORISOT 1841-1895

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Berthe Morisot The Summer’s Day 1879

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Berthe Morisot On the Balcony 1871-72

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Self-portrait by Camille Pissarro 1873 CAMILLE PISSARRO 1830 - 1903

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Camille Pissarro The Garden of Les Mathurins at Pontoise 1876

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Camille Pissarro Place du Théâtre Français, Rain 1898

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Self-portrait by Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1876 PIERRE-AUGUSTE RENOIR 1841-1919

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Pierre-Auguste Renoir La Loge 1874

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Pierre-Auguste Renoir Vase of Flowers 1886

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Portrait by Renoir 1868 ALFRED SISLEY 1839-1899

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Alfred Sisley The Molesey Weir 1874

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Alfred Sisley The Lane of Poplars at Moret 1890

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What about.... ? Toulouse-Lautrec Van Gogh Gauguin Hassam Sargent Seurat Chase Henri