Delhi life

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DELHI Population 13 m Vehicles: 2 - 2.5 m 70 percent motorcycles 15 - 20 thousand buses ~ 50 percent trips walking/bicycling 60 percent of motorised trips by bus Ideal situation? IIT Delhi 2002

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Complex traffic IIT Delhi 2002

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CURRENT POLICIES Taxis >8 Years to be phased out by 2001-03-31 U? All three wheeled taxis on CNG/4stroke U? Premixed 2T oil with petrol for 2-stroke enginesU More stringent emission norms (cars) and 4 stroke engines for motrocycles/scooters U Lead free and low sulphur fuel U MRTS implementation underway ? Flyovers and expressways ? All buses on CNG ? IIT Delhi 2002

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IIT Delhi 2002 Comparison of CO emissions under various scenarios of bus fuels No shift from buses !0% shift from buses to 2-wheelers

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IIT Delhi 2002 Comparison of PM emissions under various scenarios of bus fuels No shift from buses !5% shift from buses to 2-wheelers

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Proportion of trips and road accident fatalities for different road users in Delhi (1994) IIT Delhi 2002

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Public transport Issues IIT Delhi 2002 Marginal cost of a 20 km trip on a motorcycle - US$ 0.35 Affordable bus cost for US$ 0.35 round trip per passenger without subsidy - US$ 10,000 New diesel bus in India - US$ 30,000 New CNG bus in India - US$ 40,000 International buses >> US$ 100,000 IF MRTS AND BUS FARES ARE HIGHER THAN EXPENSE ON MOTORCYCLE USE, POLLUTION, ACCIDENTS AND INJURY MAY INCREASE

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IIT Delhi 2002 SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT Conflicts in the bus lane

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PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC TRANSPORT IIT Delhi 2002 Promotion of public transport only possible if pedestrians and bicyclists safer Designs of bus stands and vehicles for safe entry and exit Role of street hawkers and vendors to be integrated in road design Provision of segregated bicycle lanes on all arterial roads otherwise bus operation inefficient Wider use of traffic calming techniques Convenient bus stop locations Development of safer bus front designs and standards

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IIT Delhi 2002 ROLE OF INDIGENOUS AND SMALL VEHICLES Vehicles like these could be the most efficient urban taxis in the future

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TST ADVANTAGES PARKING Reduction in parking space private vehicle needs two parking spots – one at home and one at destination A taxi needs one parking place at night and a few for picking up and dropping off passengers in the daytime. Shadow area: IIT Delhi 2002

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TST ADVANTAGES Road use At similar urban speeds TSTs occupy ½ the road space that a car Reduction in road congestion IIT Delhi 2002

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TST ADVANTAGES Energy Use TSTs have much smaller engines than cars, therefore energy consumption is much less IIT Delhi 2002

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TST ADVANTAGES Pollution TSTs have much smaller engines than cars, therefore pollution is much less IIT Delhi 2002

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TST ADVANTAGES Wear and tear of road and tyres Cars are at least three times heavier than cars 1 car produces as much damage to road as three TSTs Rubber pollution from tyres for cars >> TSTs Waste disposal from cars >> TSTs IIT Delhi 2002

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INSTITUTIONAL IIT Delhi 2002 Training programmes for professionals Establishment of regional research centres Transportation information clearing house Induction of professionally trained personnel in national and multilateral aid agencies Establishment of transportation planning road & safety departments in transportation & urban ministries Establishment of multidisciplinary groups in universities