Digestion

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Chapter 2:

Chapter 2 Systems in Humans and Animals

Digestive System in Human:

The human digestive system includes the alimentary canal and organs such as the salivary glands, stomach, liver, gall bladder and pancreas. Digestive System in Human

Digestion:

Is the process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller soluble molecules that can be absorb by the body. Digestion

Flow of food particles in the alimentary canal:

Mouth Esophagus stomach Anus Large Small Duodenum Intestine Intestine Flow of food particles in the alimentary canal

Enzymes :

Are substances which act as catalysts and generally speed up the chemical reactions in our body. Enzymes

Digestive enzymes:

Enzymes that break down food substances in the gut. Digestive enzymes

Three main types of digestive enzymes:

Carbohydrases break down the carbohydrates. Proteases break down proteins. Lipases break down fats and oils. Three main types of digestive enzymes

Process of Digestion:

Process of Digestion

1. Digestion in the mouth:

1. Digestion in the mouth

2.Swallowing and Peristalsis:

2.Swallowing and Peristalsis

3. Digestion in the stomach:

3. Digestion in the stomach

Stomach is a muscular sac with a volume of 2 to 4 liters.:

Function of the stomach Stores food for 2-6 hours. Assists in mechanical breakdown of food. Secretes gastric juice. Gastric Juice - contains proteases and hydrochloric acid. Stomach is a muscular sac with a volume of 2 to 4 liters.

Function of hydrochloric acid::

Stop the action of salivary amylase. Provides an acidic medium suitable for the action of protease. Changes the inactive forms of protease to their active forms. Kills most microorganisms in food. Chyme - a semi-fluid food substance. Function of hydrochloric acid:

4. The Liver and the pancreas:

4. The Liver and the pancreas Bile- is a brownish-green liquid which contains bile salts and bile pigment. Gall bladder- store the bile. Pancreatic juice- produced by pancreas which is released into duodenum.

5. Digestion in the duodenum:

5. Digestion in the duodenum Duodenum- is the first part of the small intestine.

6. Digestion in the lower part of the small intestine. The end products of digestion: :

Classes of food Carbohydrates Proteins fats End product Glucose Amino acids Fatty acid & glycerol 6. Digestion in the lower part of the small intestine . The end products of digestion: