bacterial meningitis josh gage

Bacterial Meningitis:

Bacterial Meningitis The Beast with Three Heads Joshua Gage P. 6

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HISTORY

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HISTORY First discovered in 1805 1 st know case was a family in Geneva Spread to America in 1806 Caused a great scare in Massachusetts Was originally thought to be a single strain of bacteria and was treated as such Further complications and outbreaks led to extensive research

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Pioneers Dr. Karl Landsteiner Founder of the bacterial driven meningitis disease Dr. Anton Weichselbaum Deduced there were three separate bacterial strains

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Bacterial Meningitis Unmasked

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Pass it on bacterial meningitis is passed on in a similar fashion to the common flue (Most likely due to similar bacterial makeup) b acterial meningitis is NOT very contagious

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Pass it on must be exposed to large quantities of the bacterium you can NOT become infected from breathing infected air MUST be spread by more than casual contact Ways to spread: Share a drink Kiss Contact with discharge of the throat or nose

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Bacterial Meningitis Three separate Killers Streptococcus pneumoniae (most serious) Neisseria meningitides Haemophilus influenzae

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Haemophilus influenzae Also known as H. influenzae meningitis Caused by the Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Infects typically young hosts and more specifically infants Common symptoms: Stiffness & pain in the neck Sensitivity to light Headaches Nausea vomiting

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Haemophilusinfluenzae Since this strain typically infects infants it is vital to recognize symptoms in infants Infant Symptoms: Irritability Poor feeding High fever

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Haemophilus influenzae A hospital has the ability to diagnose further symptoms Sever symptoms: Bulging in the fontelles High white blood cell count Poor circulation The best indicator is a blood culture containing the Haemophilus influenzae strain

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Neisseria meningitides also known as: meningococcal meningitis Infects wide age range in host typically infancy to adolescence Common symptoms: Fever Confusion Sensitivity to light Stiff neck Nausea vomiting

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Neisseria meningitides More serious symptoms require a hospital visit and lab work Specific symptoms High white blood cell count Unusual CT scan of the brain Pinpoint red spotted rash Purple bruised areas The best indicator is a blood culture containing the Neisseria meningitides strain

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Streptococcus pneumoniae Also known as pneumococcal meningitis Typically infects hosts over the age of 6 Common Symptoms: High fever Sever headaches Nausea Vomiting sensitivity to light

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Streptococcus pneumoniae Sever symptoms: High white blood cell count in the spinal fluid Unusual CT scan of the brain This is the hardest of the 3 strains to detect because it does not have a ny unique symptoms The best indicator is a blood culture containing the Streptococcus pneumoniae strain

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Since there are three separate strains and all three have similar symptoms a which strain you are infected with Blood Culture is the only sure way to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilusinfluenzae Neisseria meningitides or or

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Diagnosis Same diagnosis for all three strains Spinal tap: A needle is inserted into the back near the spinal cord This is to gain a sample of the spinal fluid CT scan of the brain To check for any abnormalities A culture is run of the spinal fluid to test for any of the tree strains

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Treatment There is no at separate treatment for each of the strains The best and most effective treatment is a regiment of strain specific antibiotics The antibiotics are strain specific so it is vital to perform the culture of the spinal fluid The results of the culture reveal which antibiotic to treat with The antibiotic is usually an oral tablet

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Recent discoveries Simon Flexner First to have success in treatment Treated the Neisseria meningitides strain Treated with intrathecal equine meningococcal antiserum Decreased mortality rate from 80% to 31% Sulfonamides later decreased mortality to 5%

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Recent discoveries Haemophilus influenzae type b Treated with chlorampheicol treatment This treatment also uses sulfonamides Mortality rate of 5%

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Recent discoveries Streptococcus pneumoniae Sulfonamides have proven ineffective Best treatment found to be penicillin therapy Mortality rate of 45%- 95% More research in progress

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If left untreated Complications: Brain damage Comas Hearing loss Mental retardation Seizures Paralysis Death

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Not common in the United States due to availability of resources Almost a pandemic in impoverished nations HELP

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References

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References