Truth in Knowledge

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Section in a course of Theory of Knwoledge

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Slide 1: 

TRUTH and KNOWLEDGE THE NATURE OF TRUTH TRUTH AND BEING TRUTH IN KNOWLEDGE

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THE TRUTH IN KNOWLEDGE Logical and ontological truth Logical truth does not happen neither in sense knowledge nor in simple apprehension Logical truth occurs in judgment The reflexive dimension of truth Conformity and reflection in contemporary theories of the truth

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LOGICAL AND ONTOLOGICAL TRUTH Ontological truth Logical truth Property of being Knowledge (logos) Intelligible Understanding

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Truth is not just any sort of conformity. Essentially, it is a KNOWN conformity. There will only be truth if I know the conformity explicitly.

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LOGICAL TRUTH DOES NOT HAPPEN In every sensation, there is awareness of sensing; which is not equal to knowing the conformity between the thing, and what the senses grasp about the thing. sense knowledge See ST THOMAS AQUINAS. Summa Theologiae, I, q. 16, a. 3

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LOGICAL TRUTH DOES NOT HAPPEN simple apprehension The concept produced is not equal to knowing the conformity between the concept, and that which it represents. See ARISTOTLE, Metaphysics, V, 4, 1027b 25-28.

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It is sunny. LOGICAL TRUTH OCCURS IN JUDGEMENT Reference to the real being of a thing.

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It is sunny.

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THE NOTION OF TRUTH and THE NOTION OF BEING They signify the same real thing (res significata) but they signify it in in different ways (modus significandi). Same referent (Bedeutung) but different meaning (Sinn) See G. Frege, Über Sinn und Bedeutung, in “Kleine Schriften” (Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1967)

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Truth expresses an aspect of being Intelligibility Concept of truth arises from referring being to a term of comparison, specifically, the intellect.

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INTELLECT HUMAN DIVINE SPECULATIVE PRACTICAL the measure (the rule of truth) of the becoming of artificial things measured by natural things (its rule of truth) measures and not measured by natural things TRUTH IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTELLECT St. Thomas Aquinas, De Veritate, q. 1 , a. 2

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INTELLECT HUMAN DIVINE PRESENCE OF TRUTH OF THINGS IN THE TWO INTELLECTS effect proper but secondary way THEIR “BEING-TRUE” COMPARED TO THE TWO cause proper & in a principal way improper & secondary way St. Thomas Aquinas, De Veritate, q. 1 , a. 4

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ST AUGUSTINE, Lectura in Evangelium Ioannis, C. 18, Lect. 6, n. 11. “We know things because they are, but they are because You know them.”

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God is the origin of all truth, since he is the first principle of the being of all things. See ST THOMAS AQUINAS, Contra Gentiles, I, Ch. 1

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Our task is to advance in the knowledge of truths to come closer to the truth of the One by essence, in whom the search for truth is required. See JOHN PAUL II, Fides et Ratio, no. 33