Modern Educational Technologist

Thomas Edison : 

Thomas Edison Inventor, Scientist, businessman Invented phonograph, motion picture camera and electric lightbulb 1,093 patents Many mass communication and telecommunication inventions Created baseline for many modern technologies

Military Training Films : 

Military Training Films Created for mass production to send to many units Gave instruction on wide variety of topics from Star Identification to maintaining personal weapon to piloting skills Very effective wartime training

Radio in Education : 

Radio in Education Use of radio to deliver instruction and training to students Active response encouraged Reinforcement Practice over multiple sessions Able to accommodate different learning rates

Psychology in Education : 

Psychology in Education Behaviorism Ivan Pavlov Classical conditioning B.F. Skinner Operant conditioning Classical conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning

Classical Conditioning : 

Classical Conditioning Pavlovian or Respondent Conditioning Developed by Russian Psychologist Ivan Pavlov Demonstrated that behaviors could be learned via conditioned associations

Operant Conditioning : 

Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner Developed Operant conditioning concept Skinner box Schedules of reinforcement Fixed Ratio – behavior rewarded after fixed number of responses Fixed Interval – behavior rewarded after time not responses Variable schedules – variance in Ratio and Interval

Operant Conditioning : 

Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Positive consequence Punishment Negative consequence Extinction No consequence Shaping Increasingly accurate approximations of desired response rewarded Chaining Reinforcing individual responses occurring in sequence to form more complex behavior

Bloom’s Taxonomy : 

Bloom’s Taxonomy Educational Objectives Affective Psychomotor Cognitive

Structure in Education : 

Structure in Education Learning Outcomes statements of the knowledge, skills, and abilities the individual student possesses and can demonstrate upon completion of a learning experience or sequence of learning experiences Learning Objectives - Statements about what a student will gain from a course or activity. These are specific statements about exactly what a student should know, be able to do, or value as a result of accomplishing a learning goal.

Evaluating Curriculum : 

Evaluating Curriculum Formative Evaluations Evaluation of curriculum as it is being developed Summative Evaluations Evaluation of curriculum after completed and ready for students

Television in Education : 

Television in Education 242 educational channels in 1952 17 channels in 1955 Began to grow again in early 60’s 50+ channels in early 70’s Computer and internet offer over 2000 educational channels

Rise of Science and Technology in Education : 

Rise of Science and Technology in Education Sputnik 1 USSR launches first orbiting satellite Began Space Age US realize Science Education programs needed US creates National Science Foundation Funding and blank canvas to create public school science programs

Constructivism : 

Constructivism Jean Piaget Stages of Cognitive development Learners internalize knowledge Learner is unique individual Instructors are facilitators

Transition to the Computer Age : 

Transition to the Computer Age Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) Began in late 1960s Very expensive only military could afford to use widely Instruction could not extend beyond programming Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations (PLATO) Developed as educational tool to enhance CAI Time-shared, Interactive, Computer-Controlled Information Television (TICCIT) Short lived system that attempted to bridge gap between Television and computers Had programs in languages, algebra and physics

ADDIE model : 

ADDIE model Instructional Design model created at FSU Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation

Microprocessor : 

Microprocessor Revolutionized computer use First developed in 1969 Began mass production in 1971 Computers could be owned by average person Opened the door wide to the Computer Age Educational use very limited and shortsighted in beginning Nearly unlimited potential

The Internet and the Information Age : 

The Internet and the Information Age Computers in nearly every home in the US Internet allows research about any subject Distance Learning Online classes Online degree programs Education for profit