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ARTICLESUĞUR YÜCESANDİLFEM ENGLISH CENTRE : 

ARTICLESUĞUR YÜCESANDİLFEM ENGLISH CENTRE 6/6/2010 1

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6/6/2010 2 Articles All singular countable nouns must be modified by a determiner. The articles a, an and the are determiners. Other determiners are words like “this, that, my, your, his, her,..etc That is to say; a singular countable word can not be used in a sentence without a determiner.

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6/6/2010 3 The Indefinite Article A or An The indefinite article “a” or “an” is used; Before singular countable nouns to mean one. It is not used before uncountable and plural nouns. Australia is a continent. Turkey is a country in Asia.

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6/6/2010 4 An is used before a word that begins with a vowel sound ( a, e, i, o, u). When words begin with “h” or “u”, either a or an can be used depending on the sound. an uncle a home a university a union an hour an honourable man

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6/6/2010 5 To introduce a subject that has not been mentioned before; I saw a snake. I caught a fish yesterday. With an expression of a definite quantity in the singular; A dozen a ton a half a third A mile a thousand a hundred A pound

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6/6/2010 6 With some expression of quantity; a great many a great deal a couple of a few a lot of three times a day a number of a little a pair of fifty miles an hour With names of professions; He is an engineer. When “a” or “an” means per; Julie earns $500 a week.

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6/6/2010 7 In exclamations with “What + a countable noun What a lovely day! What a terrible sweater! What a pity! What a nonsense! Note: In some languages, one and a, an are the same word. In English a, an for the indefinite is more common. We use one if we want to be precise, and we want to emphasize one, not two, or three, or four. He drives a Volswagen. She has got one Rolls-Royce, two Cadillacs and three motorbikes.

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6/6/2010 8 The Definite Article “The” The definite article the can be used before any noun, singular, plural, countable and uncountable when the noun is specific. The island, the islands , the water The definite article “the” is used; When there is only one of the thing mentioned: (Unique objects ) The sun is shining. The moon is full tonight. The sky is blue. The government The King The president

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6/6/2010 9 2. When it is clear to both the speaker and the listener which thing or person is referred to; Could you open the door, please? (Both the speaker and the listener know which door it is.) Pass the salt, please. Did you read the book I gave yesterday? Have you heard the news about them?

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6/6/2010 10 3. Before a noun mentioned for the second time: A bird flew into the classroom. The bird sat on my desk. 4. Before superlative adjectives: The biggest island is Greenland. The most beautiful coral island is very small.

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6/6/2010 11 5. Before names of musical instruments He plays the piano I can’t play the guitar 6.Before decades and centuries: The 1800s, the twenties, the twentieth century

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6/6/2010 12 7. Before expressions of time and place: The morning the future the North the top The afternoon the present the South the front The evening the past the East the back The West the bottom

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6/6/2010 13 8. Before ordinal numbers (the definite article is not used with cardinal numbers.) Ordinal numbers Cardinal numbers The first chapter Chapter One The second day Day Two The sixth lesson Lesson six 9. When speaking about a specific noun: Coffee originated in Ethiopia (general) The coffee I had this morning was Brazillian (specific) Sugar costs 50 cents a pound (general) The sugar that he bought last night was covered with ants.

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6/6/2010 14 ** If the noncountable noun is followed by a descriptive adjective clause or phrase, we use the article ‘the’. 10.Before names of countries, states, cities, universities colleges, and schools that contain the word ‘of’ and before conutries that have a plural name or have an adjective in the name, except for Great Britain: The United States of America The state of Florida / The Netherlands The city of Boston / The Philippines The University of Texas / Texas University The United Kingdom

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6/6/2010 15 11.When a proper noun is used as a modifier for another noun, the always precedes the proper noun. The Simiths’ house The Egyptian pharaohs The European Community

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6/6/2010 16 12.The always precedes ‘same’ and ‘only’ This story is almost exactly the same as a story I read last year by a different author. He is the only person in the office who smokes. 13.  Articles are usually not used with parts of the body or clothing when the owner of the parts of the body or clothing is known. In these cases a possesive adjective is usually used. Julia cut her hair I wore my best pants.

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6/6/2010 17 . 14.National groups The British drink far too much tea. The Turkish are known to be very brave. 15.Classes of people The rich / the old / the educated The poor / the young / the accused 16. Before geographical areas, but not before names of the continents: The Middle East Asia The Orient Europe 17. Before names of oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs, and plural names of mountains, islands, and lakes. The Pacific Ocean The Gulf of Mexio The Appalachian Mountains

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6/6/2010 18 The Hawaiian Islands The Great Lakes The Mississippi River The Black Sea x Mount Everest x Manhattan Island x Lake Michigan 18. Before the names of ships, trains, planes, and people’s family names (the definite article isn’t used with the names of people and names of magazines.) The Browns The Mayflower Micheal Keaten The Orient Express The Titanic Newsweek

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6/6/2010 19 SUMMARY ARTICLE 1. On the radio 2. Newspapers (the Times) 3. The whole family (the Smiths) 4. Title without name The Queen The President 5. Plural names of mountains, islands, and lakes; The Canary Islands The Himalayas The Great Lakes 6. Well – known buildings The Eiffel Tower The World Trade Center

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6/6/2010 20 7. Well – known buildings The Eiffel Tower The World Trade Center 8. Zoos The London 200

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6/6/2010 21 9.Names of fields of study when they contain the word ‘of ’ The history of the United States The literature of the Sixties 10. The ---------- language The English language 11.The / university , college / of ------ The university of Michigan The university of London 12. Names of meals in a specific sense The dinner was delicious.

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6/6/2010 22 NO ARTICLE (x)  There is no article: 1.before plural and uncountable nouns when talking about things in general. (plurals not previously mentioned and not post-modified) I like x orange juice / Give x peace a chance X Milk is good for you 2. before most proper names We live in x France I will see you in x January 3. before names of meals It’s time for x lunch What is for x dinner?

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6/6/2010 23 4.With prepositions of place, when the place plays an important role; Sally is in x prison (She’s a prisoner) Sally is in the prison (A visitor to the building) Similar are; church, hospital, school, university, home, work, bed 5.Before general means of transportations: We went there by / x car, x train , x bus

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6/6/2010 24 6. before countries, towns, streets, languages, magazines, airports, stations: I bought x Cosmopolitan at x Haydarpaşa Station. X Spain is a Mediterrean country. X Turkish isn’t easy to learn.

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6/6/2010 25 NO ARTICLE 1. On x TV 2. Maganizes (x Fountain,x Newsweek) 3. Personal names (x Mike Harrison) 4. Title and name X Queen Elizabeth X President Clinton 5.Singular mountains, islands, lakes X Mount Ağrı X Coney Island X Lake Van

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6/6/2010 26 6. Streets and Avenues X Madison Avenue X Wall Street 7. Parks X Central Park 8. School Subjects X History, X Biology 9. Languages X English x French 10. Name + college / university X London University X Boston College 11.Names of meals in a general sense X Dinner is my favourite meal

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6/6/2010 27 Exercises Fill in the blanks with the correct article a, an, the or x (nothing) Islands make up ...... entire land area of some countries, including ....... Japan and ...... Philippines. The, x , the ....... Florida Keys are coastal islands built on coral reefs. .The ...... Mackinac Island in ....... Lake Michigan is ..... lake island. .x, x, a

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6/6/2010 28 .... City of Montreal, in ...... Canada,is built on ...... large river island. The, x, a .... Aleutian Islands, part of .....Alaska,are ..... string of coastal islands that were built by ..... volcanoes. The, x, a, x On ..... big island of Hawai is one of ...... World’s greatest volcanoes, ....... Manua Loa. .the, the, x Kilauea is ..... most active volcano in .....state of........Hawai. .the, the, x

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6/6/2010 29 The early settlers of ...... Pacific Islands, ..... Polynesians, always carried ......coconuts with them in their canoes. .the, the, x In ......... Indonesia is .......huge lizard, ...... Komondo Dragon, that eats deer and attacks people. .x, a, the ......dodo, a giant bird now extinct, lived on ......island of Mauritius, in ..... Indian Ocean. .the, the, the ......watt is named after James Watt, ....... British engineer who developed ........steam engine in …... 1760s. .the, the,the, the

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6/6/2010 30 .....Methane is ..... Odorless burning gas and is ........main ingredient of .......natural gas. .x, x, the, x .....alcohol acts as .......narcotic on ......nervous system and ......brain. .x, a, the, the Zachary Taylor was .....first president to be elected from a state west of .....Mississippi River. .the, the ......barnacles, which are related to ......lobsters, ......shrimp, and ......crabs, make .......strongest glue. .x, x, x, x, the

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6/6/2010 31 In ...... 1860s Louis Pasteur discovered that .......bacteria in air caused ......perishable food to go ...... bad. .the, the, the,x It is ..... interesting book. It gives ..... wonderful picture of what..... life was like in ..... Victorian times. an , a , x ,x 18. I have noticed that ..... English people do not seem to shake ..... hands as much as people do in ..... Turkey. x, x, x

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6/6/2010 32 19. As soon as J’m got home from .......... school he went straight to ........... since he felt as if he had ......... flu. x, x, the 20. On ......... thirty-first of December, thousands of people gather in.......... Times Square,New York, to celebrate ............ coming of ........ New Year. the, x, the, the 21. ............. universities of Oxford and Cambridge are two of .......... most famous universities in ............ Europe. the, the, x

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6/6/2010 33 22. In ......... office where I work ......... most people have a degree in .......... English,but my boss, who is ........... nicest person I’ve worked for, has a PhD in .......... astronomy. the, x, x, the, x 23. Stephen has ......... seminer on ......... Saturday morning, so we are not able to go to .......... ski-slopes until ........ Sunday. a, x, the, x 24. ........ Detective Sherlock Holmes and his assistant, ......... Doctor Watson, solved ......... number of mysteries. x, x, a

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THANKS... 6/6/2010 34