Canine corona Virus

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Canine Coronavirus Infection

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first recognized in 1971. two genetically distinct forms, with the original variant now known as type II CCoV, and the newly-recognised variant designated type I CCoV. Single stranded RNA virus Introduction

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The incubation Period is only 1-3 days. highly contagious -spread through the feces (fecal-oral) virus shed for six to nine days,

Pathogenesis : 

Pathogenesis Virus infect the cells covering the upper two-thirds of the small intestinal villi. The infection is confined to the intestines and damage is limited further to mature cells – the intestine’s ability to produce new, healthy cells remains uncompromised. The infected villi become damaged and blunted to such an extent that the small intestine can no longer effectively absorb nutrients. Healing of intestinal inflammation is generally complete within 1 week, so that the overall disease is normally quite mild. Despite its mildness when contracted alone, it is important to note that, infections along with CPV can result in illness that is far more severe than either CCV or CPV alone. Mortality rates in puppies simultaneously infected may approach 90 percent.

Molecular Biology : 

Molecular Biology

Diagnosis : 

Diagnosis Bouts of vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, mild depression, and loss of appetite A low grade fever has sometimes been observed young puppies are more affected than adults Unlike Parvovirus, vomiting is not common The diarrhea tends to be less profuse than that associated with Parvovirus infections

Laboratory diagnosis : 

Laboratory diagnosis Virus detection in feces Antigen detection ELISA Antigen detection Rapid test; eg: ubio quickVET CCV Electron microscopy

CCV Ag Rapid tests : 

CCV Ag Rapid tests Lateral flow Immunochromatography based tests Easy to use by breeders and vets, can be adapted for kennel management. Tests result in 10 minutes Detects virus from the appearance of first symptom. Results are comparable to PCR.

Treatment : 

Treatment There is no cure for CCV. Supportive treatment is usually sufficient to assure a complete recovery. A sick dog should be placed in a warm, comfortable environment and monitored to be sure that dehydration does not become too severe. In cases involving particularly harsh bouts of vomiting or diarrhea, intravenous fluids may be given, but this is rare with CCV

Control : 

Control Vaccines are available to protect puppies and adults of all ages against canine Coronavirus. vaccinations beginning at or about six weeks of age. Virus easily inactivated with detergent and solvent-type disinfectants Sanitation with commercial disinfectants is highly effective and should be practiced in breeding, grooming, kennel housing, and hospital situations

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