Environmental Impact Assessment of DISAS

Environmental Impact Assessment of DISASTERS : 

Environmental Impact Assessment of DISASTERS Dr. Anil Kumar Gupta Associate Professor National Institute of Disaster Management New Delhi

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Disaster??? Hazard or

Disaster –types : Re-classified… : 

Disaster –types : Re-classified… Environmental (natural or man-made) Geo-hydrological Biological Chemical Fires Epidemic…. Technological & civil / sectorial Rail, Industrial (Electrical, Mechanical..), Nuclear, Road… Security threats Terrorism, sabotage, bomb blast… War Festival related – Stempede etc.

IMPACTS OF DISASTERS : 

IMPACTS OF DISASTERS Physical (buildings, structures, physical property, industry, roads, bridges, etc.) Environmental (water, land/soil, land-use, landscape, crops, lake/rivers / estuaries, aquaculture, forests, animals/livestock, wildlife, atmosphere, energy, etc.) Social (life, health, employment, relations, security, peace, etc.) Economic (assets, deposits, reserves, income, commerce, production, guarantee/insurance, etc.) Physical Environmental Disaster Event SOCIAL Economic

Likely effects on disaster impacts on environmental components and assets : 

Likely effects on disaster impacts on environmental components and assets

Disaster-Environment Impact Matrix : 

Disaster-Environment Impact Matrix D=Direct, I=Indirect, S=Secondary, L=Less, C=Case specific

Impacts of tropical cyclone land-fall and associated environmental losses : 

Impacts of tropical cyclone land-fall and associated environmental losses Wind

Effects of a chemical disaster on life and environmental factors : 

Effects of a chemical disaster on life and environmental factors

Environ-disaster interface : 

Environ-disaster interface

EIA: Best Practice Framework in Emergency Response : 

EIA: Best Practice Framework in Emergency Response December 2001 Benfield Greig Hazard Research Centre, University of London BGHRC and Care International – REIA UN Economic Community for Latin American and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Handbook for Estimating the Socio-economic and Environmental Effects of Disasters3, updated in 2003

Disaster Focused EIA Tools : 

Disaster Focused EIA Tools Natural Hazard Environmental Impact Assessment (Pre-disaster) (90 days) Fast Environmental Assessment Tool (Hours) (Hours to 3 days) Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment in Disasters (REA, 2-10 days) Guidelines at http://www.benfieldhrc.org/disaster studies/rea/rea index.htm Framework for Assessing, Monitoring and Evaluating the Environment in Refugee-related Operations (FRAME) (Days to weeks, Months) Guide to Identifying Critical Environmental Considerations in Emergency Shelter (Hours to weeks) Post Disaster Environmental Impact Assessments (Months / 90 days)

Environmental needs….(relief) : 

Environmental needs….(relief) Water Consumption Sanitation Energy Protection from climate Heating/cooling Clothing Food Processing food Processing water Lighting Shelter Evacuation of waste Disposal of waste Water (quality) Vector control Environmental sanitation

Disaster-Environment Complex: Emergency Response and Development Needs….. : 

Disaster-Environment Complex: Emergency Response and Development Needs…..

Disaster Debris: Katrina Case : 

Disaster Debris: Katrina Case The primary types of disaster debris being removed in the wake of Hurricane Katrina fall into the following categories: Municipal solid waste — general household trash and personal belongings. Construction and demolition (C&D) debris — building materials (which may include asbestos-containing materials), drywall, lumber, carpet, furniture, mattresses, plumbing. Vegetative debris — trees, branches, shrubs, and logs. Household hazardous waste — oil, pesticides, paints, cleaning agents. White goods — refrigerators, freezers, washers, dryers, stoves, water heaters, dishwashers, air conditioners. Electronic waste — computers, televisions, printers, stereos, DVD players, telephones.

REIA : 

REIA Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment in Disasters? The REA is a tool to identify, define, characterize and prioritize potential environmental impacts in disaster situations which threaten human life and welfare. The REA is a simple, qualitative assessment process. It uses easy to understand descriptions, rating tables and lists to identify and rank environmental issues and appropriate follow-up actions during a disaster. The REA is used from shortly before a disaster strikes, up to 120 days after a disaster, or for any major stage-change in an emergency situation. The REA can also be used as an environmental impact check list in relief project design and review. Who undertakes a REA? Primary REA users are non-specialists directly involved in disaster response operations, with a basic knowledge of the disaster management process but no background in environmental issues. It can be used by disaster victims with appropriate support The Joint United Nations Environment Program/ Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Office, Geneva, Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, USAID

Pro-Active Approach : 

Pro-Active Approach Environmental Risk Assessment Disaster Risk Impact Risk Environmental Auditing Natural Resource Accounting Ecological Footprints of Disasters Economic Evaluation of Environmental Impacts Environmental Health Preparedness Environmental Response in Emergencies

Context Differences EIANormal and Disaster Assessments : 

Context Differences EIANormal and Disaster Assessments Normal Lead Time Legal Requirement Deliberate and pro-active Will be comprehensive “No project” an option Location known Duration planned Beneficiary populations known and static Environmental goals can be made compatible with economic ones Disaster Sudden onset Rarely a legal requirement Reactive May need to be partial in coverage “No project” not an option Unpredictable location Uncertain duration Population dynamic and heterogeneous Saving lives given priority Activities sometimes hard to reconcile with environmental goals.

EIA Exercise 001/NIDM : 

EIA Exercise 001/NIDM Participants divided in 4 groups Each group will analyze 2 cases out of given 08 cases Each group will identify: 02 environmental aspects not related to development/livelihood /economic development 03 environmental aspects related to development/livelihood / economic development

EIA Exercise 002 : 

EIA Exercise 002 Each group will be given Tsunami Case Environmental Aspects Pre-disaster During Emergency Post-disaster relief Rehabilitation Recovery phase Social-Environmental Impact Linkages Identify 02 aspects which are not related Identify 02 aspects which are related

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environment a charity OR Our need? Disasters from A Disaster? Man-made Disasters…..

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THANK YOU…. envirosafe2007@gmail.com