Hydrometeorologicla disaster risk mitiga

Mega Disaster in Recent Past: Lessons for Disaster Management in the Context of Climate-Risk : 

Dr. Anil Kumar Gupta Associate Professor National Institute of Disaster Management New Delhi Mega Disaster in Recent Past: Lessons for Disaster Management in the Context of Climate-Risk

Increasing the Scale of Disaster : 

Increasing the Scale of Disaster Increased disaster risk Increased risk exposure: A cumulative impact of population growth and physical vulnerability Factors that contribute growing vulnerability: poverty & homelessness Impact of climate change: increased incidence of floods and drought in 21st Century Increased damages

Public Policy Focus on Disasters : 

Public Policy Focus on Disasters High Media Coverage Active Democratic Institutions (Political Parties, Judiciary, and Human Rights Agencies) Humanitarian partners: International, national, and local NGOs Organized and empowered civil society Beaurocratic awareness / Institutional mechanism

Improved Relief Administration : 

Improved Relief Administration Organized relief and better assessments Increased awareness of basic amenities in relief camps Provision of food and drinking water Extending initial financial assistance Construction of interim shelter Organizing social services such as health, education, and nutrition for children

ALARP : 

ALARP As Low As Reasonable Practicable (ALRAP) DRR ZONE BATNEEC

Disaster Risk Management : 

Disaster Risk Management

Concept of Disaster Risk Reduction : 

Concept of Disaster Risk Reduction Risk Reduction: Event minimization Loss minimization Quick recovery (Resilience) Approach: Visualizing hazards Reducing vulnerability Increasing coping capacities

DM Paradigm Shift : 

DM Paradigm Shift Response Centric Relief Centric Mitigation centric Preparedness centric Disaster Centric Hazard Centric Vulnerability Centric Environment Centric Adaptation

DRR Strategy Design – Components : 

DRR Strategy Design – Components What is the risk hazard - event x damageability What is at risk – Life, Structures, Resources, Infrastructure Resist Resilience Avoid Tolerate Manage Programmes Direct Indirect Infused

IMPACTS OF DISASTERS : 

IMPACTS OF DISASTERS Physical (buildings, structures, physical property, industry, roads, bridges, etc.) Environmental (water, land/soil, land-use, landscape, crops, lake/rivers / estuaries, aquaculture, forests, animals/livestock, wildlife, atmosphere, energy, etc.) Social (life, health, employment, relations, security, peace, etc.) Economic (assets, deposits, reserves, income, commerce, production, guarantee/insurance, etc.) Physical Environmental Disaster Event SOCIAL Economic

Let us Work-out : 

Let us Work-out How disasters originate How disaster affects How impacts aggravated How losses multiply What is Natural Vs. Man-made? Examples: Land-water-Air-Related Hazards Cyclone Floods Drought Landslide Epidemics

HRVC Analysis : 

HRVC Analysis Hazard identification Establish relative priorities for your hazards. Hazard Mapping Critical Facility Analysis Identify critical facilities categories Complete a critical facilities inventory Identify intersections of critical facilities with high-risk areas Vulnerability Analysis Societal Infrastructure Environmental Economic

Shared Risks: Shared Responsibilities : 

Shared Risks: Shared Responsibilities South Asia Policy Dialogue, 22nd August 2006 : Towards A Regional Roadmap for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Shared natural resources, geology & climate base Shared risks Drought 2000 – India, Pakistan, Afghanistan Cyclone 1998 – south-eastern Sindh in Pakistan and to Gujrat in India 2000 monsoon flooding & river erosion in north-east India, Nepal & Bhutan, trigerred flooding western Bangladesh Cyclone 2000 – Sri Lanka & India 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2005 Earthquake in Himalayas 2008 floods: Kosi floods affected India and Nepal; closely linked to construction and embankments in Nepal

Slide 24: 

Major Natural Disasters : 1990 - 2006 Earthquake, Gujarat January 26, 2001 Earthquakes Uttarkashi 1991 Latur (Killari) 1993 Jabalpur 1997 Chamoli 1999 Kutchchh, Gujarat 2001 J&K 2005 Cyclones East & West Godavari 1992& dist.of Andhra Pradesh 1996 Kutchchh, Gujarat 1998 Orissa 1999 Floods Punjab 1993 Kerala 1994 Punjab & Haryana 1996 Mumbai 2005 Bihar 2008 Tsunami Andaman & Nicobar Islands & coastal areas 2004 Tsunami Dec.26, 2004 Earthquake, J&K Oct.8, 2005 24

Increased Mortality and Homelessness : 

Increased Mortality and Homelessness

Slide 26: 

Disasters in India

Slide 27: 

Hazard Vulnerability in India 60% 8% 12% 16% 3%

Disaster Management in India : 

Disaster Management in India Ministry of Home Affairs – Responsible Ministry / Agency Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India till 2005 High Powered Committee on Disaster Management National Centre for Disaster Management

DM in India : 

DM in India Disaster Management Act 2005 Paradigm Shift Planned, holistic and proactive approach Role of S&T and academic inputs, and participative Disaster Management Act 2005 A Holistic and Comprehensive Approach Institutional Mechanisms at National, State & Local level Focus on Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness

DRR Interventions - Routes : 

DRR Interventions - Routes Direct : DM Act, Rules, Policy… DM Programmes – NCRM, Capacity building programme of Engineers/Architects Environmental Resources: Land/soil/land-use Water/water bodies, watersheds Wetlands, Rivers Air/atmosphere Habitat/vegetation-forests, plantation, orchards, agriculture - agroforestry, aquaculture Livestock, wild animals Environmental supplies – water, PHE, sanitation, waste mgmt, Chemicals / minerals Welfare programmes Family, child, youth, sports, NREGS, RTI, …. Service programmes Transport, health, communication, housing, aviation, navigation, fire, industry

Prepare and Plan to Reduce Risk : 

Prepare and Plan to Reduce Risk Hazard Mapping (Individual / Multihazard) Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Modeling and simulation (e.g. flood models) Forecasting (e.g. through sharing of real-time data and information on floods, including telemetry involved in collecting data from field to national centres and beyond Early Warning Systems (e.g. weather forecasting in cyclones and tropical storms) Monitoring (e.g. Temporal image analysis, GLOF) Knowledge hub (e.g. portal giving database of equipment, responsible agencies,, evacuation plan, sharing of lessons learned and experiences etc.) Preparedness through education, communication and Information e.g. Radio, TV can be used to raise awareness and accountability of policy makers to ensure polices are drawn

Related Policies : 

Related Policies Disaster Management Policy (Draft) Environmental Policy Planning Commission Working Plan 2009-12 Environment & Forests Land-use Policies Agriculture Policy Water Policy Voluntary Sector Policy WRD & Hydro-Power policy Rural Development (land resources) Housing Policy Forest Policy Statement of Climate Change Right to Information Map Policy

Programmes (examples) : 

Programmes (examples) Disaster Risk Management Programme National Emergency Communication Plan Disaster Management Decision Support Programme Natural Resources Data Management System NRDMS Environmental Information System APELL JNURM Integrated Coastal Zone Management National River Conservation National Wetland Programme National Wasteland Programme Rural employment Mid-day meal scheme Microfinance

Strategic Tools : 

Strategic Tools Tools that help and/or implement policies Project Appraisal Process Policy Appraisal – SEA (of policy, plan, programmes) EIA / REIA – DMP & EPP? DRA as part of Project Appraisal process Carrying capacity based planning Risk based developmental planning Cost-Benefit Analysis Economic cost of impacts Risk Auditing Integration of Strategic Tools

DRR Institutional Framework : 

DRR Institutional Framework NDMA – Apex Body Planning Commission – E&F Ministry of Environment & Forests Ministry of Earth Sciences Department of Science & Technology Department of Biotechnology National Biodiversity Authority ICAR, IARI, CSIR Department of Space-ISRO, NRSC, NIC Deptt. of Land resources, Land-use boards Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Non-conventional Energy National Institute of Disaster Management, DM Centres in State ATIs

THANK YOU : 

THANK YOU envirosafe2007@gmail.com