MULTICORE PROCESSOR :MULTICORE PROCESSOR UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Prof Anil G N (Head of department computer science) STUDENT NAME: AMIT KUMAR U.S.N:1by04cs003


Outline :Outline Overview Moore’s law Design Performance Advantages and disadvantages Examples Conclusion Bibliography


Multi-Core Processors - Overview :Multi-Core Processors - Overview What are multi-core processors? Integrated circuit (IC) chips containing more than one identical physical processor (core) in the same IC package. OS perceives each core as a discrete processor. Each core has its own complete set of resources, and may share the on-die cache layers


Windows Task Manager :Windows Task Manager core 2 core 1


MOORE’S LAW :MOORE’S LAW


What’s the Point? :What’s the Point? Why do we need multicore processor?


Drawbacks of unicore processor :Drawbacks of unicore processor Difficult to make single-coreclock frequencies even higher Deeply pipelined circuits: heat problems speed of light problems difficult design and verification large design teams necessary server farms need expensiveair-conditioning Many new applications are multithreaded General trend in computer architecture (shift towards more parallelism)


DESIGN :DESIGN the single core Single-core CPU chip


Multi-core architectures :Multi-core architectures Replicate multiple processor cores on single die. Core 1 Core 2 Core 3 Core 4 Multi-core CPU chip


Multi-Core Processor Architecture :Multi-Core Processor Architecture


Architecture of Dual-core Intel Processor :Two physical cores in a package Each with its own L1 cache Each with its own execution resources Both cores share the L2 cache Truly parallel multi-tasking and threaded execution. Increased throughput. Architecture of Dual-core Intel Processor


The cores run in parallel :The cores run in parallel core 1 core 2 core 3 core 4 thread 1 thread 2 thread 3 thread 4


Within each core, threads are time-sliced (just like on a uniprocessor) :Within each core, threads are time-sliced (just like on a uniprocessor) core 1 core 2 core 3 core 4 Several threads Several Threads Several Threads Several Threads


Performance :Performance


Advantages :Advantages Thread level parallelism Great energy efficient Performance Lower cost Faster Better heat dissipation Ease of use


Disadvantages :Disadvantages Adjustment to the existing software required. Memory bandwidth limit the real performance advantage.


What applications benefit from multi-core? :What applications benefit from multi-core? Database servers Web servers (Web commerce) Compilers Multimedia applications Scientific applications, CAD/CAM In general, applications with Thread-level parallelism Each can run on itsown core


More examples :More examples Editing a photo while recording a TV show through a digital video recorder Downloading software while running an anti-virus program “Anything that can be threaded today will map efficiently to multi-core” BUT: some applications difficult toparallelize


Example of multicore processors :Example of multicore processors


Intel core 2 Duo :Intel core 2 Duo


Dual core AMD opteron :Dual core AMD opteron


SUN-UltraSPARC Multicore :SUN-UltraSPARC Multicore


Conclusion :Conclusion Multi-core chips an important new trend in computer architecture Several new multi-core chips in design phases Parallel programming techniques likely to gain importance


Bibliography :Bibliography AMD http://www.amd.com/ AMD Multi-Core http://www.amd.com/multicore/ AMD Opteron™ Processor http://www.amd.com/opteron/ AMD Multi-Core White Paper http://enterprise.amd.com/downloadables/33211A_Multi-Core_WP.pdf Intel papers http://intel.com