Presentation Transcript
MULTICORE PROCESSOR :MULTICORE PROCESSOR UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Prof Anil G N
(Head of department computer science)
STUDENT NAME: AMIT KUMAR
U.S.N:1by04cs003
Outline :Outline Overview
Moore’s law
Design
Performance
Advantages and disadvantages
Examples
Conclusion
Bibliography
Multi-Core Processors - Overview :Multi-Core Processors - Overview What are multi-core processors?
Integrated circuit (IC) chips containing more than one identical physical processor (core) in the same IC package. OS perceives each core as a discrete processor.
Each core has its own complete set of resources, and may share the on-die cache layers
Windows Task Manager :Windows Task Manager core 2 core 1
MOORE’S LAW :MOORE’S LAW
What’s the Point? :What’s the Point? Why do we need multicore processor?
Drawbacks of unicore processor :Drawbacks of unicore processor Difficult to make single-coreclock frequencies even higher
Deeply pipelined circuits:
heat problems
speed of light problems
difficult design and verification
large design teams necessary
server farms need expensiveair-conditioning
Many new applications are multithreaded
General trend in computer architecture (shift towards more parallelism)
DESIGN :DESIGN the single core Single-core CPU chip
Multi-core architectures :Multi-core architectures Replicate multiple processor cores on single die. Core 1 Core 2 Core 3 Core 4 Multi-core CPU chip
Multi-Core Processor Architecture :Multi-Core Processor Architecture
Architecture of Dual-core Intel Processor :Two physical cores in a package
Each with its own L1 cache
Each with its own execution
resources
Both cores share the L2 cache
Truly parallel multi-tasking and threaded execution. Increased throughput. Architecture of Dual-core Intel Processor
The cores run in parallel :The cores run in parallel core
1 core
2 core
3 core
4 thread 1 thread 2 thread 3 thread 4
Within each core, threads are time-sliced (just like on a uniprocessor) :Within each core, threads are time-sliced (just like on a uniprocessor) core
1 core
2 core
3 core
4 Several threads Several Threads Several Threads Several Threads
Performance :Performance
Advantages :Advantages Thread level parallelism
Great energy efficient
Performance
Lower cost
Faster
Better heat dissipation
Ease of use
Disadvantages :Disadvantages Adjustment to the existing software required.
Memory bandwidth limit the real performance advantage.
What applications benefit from multi-core? :What applications benefit from multi-core? Database servers
Web servers (Web commerce)
Compilers
Multimedia applications
Scientific applications, CAD/CAM
In general, applications with Thread-level parallelism Each can run on itsown core
More examples :More examples Editing a photo while recording a TV show through a digital video recorder
Downloading software while running an anti-virus program
“Anything that can be threaded today will map efficiently to multi-core”
BUT: some applications difficult toparallelize
Example of multicore processors :Example of multicore processors
Intel core 2 Duo :Intel core 2 Duo
Dual core AMD opteron :Dual core AMD opteron
SUN-UltraSPARC Multicore :SUN-UltraSPARC Multicore
Conclusion :Conclusion Multi-core chips an important new trend in computer architecture
Several new multi-core chips in design phases
Parallel programming techniques likely to gain importance
Bibliography :Bibliography AMD http://www.amd.com/
AMD Multi-Core http://www.amd.com/multicore/
AMD Opteron™ Processor http://www.amd.com/opteron/
AMD Multi-Core White Paper http://enterprise.amd.com/downloadables/33211A_Multi-Core_WP.pdf
Intel papers
http://intel.com