compounds

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Presentation Transcript

Slide 1: 

What are compounds? A Compound is a substance which is made up of two or more different elements chemically combined together.

Slide 2: 

Glass with water

Slide 3: 

Table salt

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Sugar

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Characteristics of compounds The properties of compounds are usually different from its constituent elements. The compound sodium chloride for example is safe for consumption. However its constituent elements – sodium and chlorine – are both not safe for consumption.

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Sodium is a highly reactive solid at room temperature .It burns vigorously when in contact with water. Sodium Chlorine Sodium Chloride Chlorine is a greenish yellow poisonous gas at room temperature. Sodium chloride or table salt ,is used in various Foods to improve their taste and preservatives.

Slide 7: 

Sodium Chlorine

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How are compounds formed A compound can be made up of elements ,other compounds or both elements and other compounds. It is formed by a chemical reaction.

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There are two main methods of forming compounds. Combination One common example of combination is combustion. This happens when elements or compounds burn and combine with oxygen to form one or more new compounds.

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For example, when carbon in charcoal burns ,it combines with oxygen in air. This process produces a new compound , carbon dioxide. CARBON DIOXIDE IS RELEASED INTO THE AIR. Carbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide Element Element Compound

Slide 11: 

In other methods of combination - Certain elements or compounds can combines to form new compounds when they are in contact with one another . For example : When sodium metal is in contact with water ,two substances are produced . One of the substances is the compound sodium hydroxide, the other substances is the element hydrogen , released as gas.

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Sodium + Water Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen Decomposition It occurs when more complex compounds are heated to break them down into simpler compounds . For example when sugar, a complex compound , is heated , it decomposes to form water vapor and carbon.

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How can compounds be broken down? - Heating Heating sugars produces two simpler substances. Carbon and water vapor - By passing electric current through it Ex. Water can be broken down into its constituent elements . Hydrogen and oxygen

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What are Mixtures? Mixtures It consist of two or more different substances that are mixed but not chemically combined together.

Slide 15: 

Different types of mixtures Solid –liquid mixtures *Calamine lotion is used for treating skin rashes( made up of solid zinc oxide, solid calcium hydroxide, liquid glycerin and water). * Some drinks such as Chendol contain both solids and liquids.

Chendol : 

Chendol

Slide 18: 

Concrete – is a mixture of cement and gravel .It is used in pavements, architectural structures and bridges.

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Liquid –liquid mixtures Alcoholic drinks- It consist of ethanol and other flavorings dissolved in water. Vinegar – Is made up of a solution of ethanoic acid and water.

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Liquid – Gas mixtures * Most forms of foam that you see ( e.g. in a cup of cappuccino or from a bubble bath) consist of air bubbles in a liquid. * Soda drinks contain carbon dioxide dissolved in a flavored liquid.