ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS

ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS : 

ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS DR. BELLO J.M.

OUTLINE : 

OUTLINE INTRODUCTION CLINICAL BACKGROUND FUNCTIONS OF APPs CLASSIFICATION SELECTED ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION : 

INTRODUCTION Acute phase protein are a class of protein whose plasma concentration increase or decrease in response to inflammation, tissue injury or malignancy This response is known as APR The concentration of these protein increases or decreases by at least 50%

CLINICAL BACKGROUND : 

CLINICAL BACKGROUND Local inflammatory cells respond to injury by secreting a number of cytokines…. The liver responds by producing a large no. of APPs…… The concentration of some other protein are reduced to allow an increase in the capacity of liver to produce the +ve APR

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APR can be seen as one of the two primitive innate immune responses…. The other being the febrile response in which there is alteration of temp. set point in the hypothalamus The response usu last few days as a result of a –ve feedback loop btw the cytokines and the adrenal-pituitary axis

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HYPOTHALAMIC ANTERIOR PITUTARY ADRENAL AXIS LIVER ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS TNF IL-1 FEVER + + Glucocorticoid - IL-6 IL-1 IFNγ TGFβ insulin -

FUNCTIONS : 

FUNCTIONS Directly neutralise inflammatory agents Minimizes extent of local tissue damage Participate in tissue repair and regeneration

CLASSIFICATION : 

CLASSIFICATION APP can be classified into three based on their mechs of action: Activator e.g. CRP Inhibitors e.g. AAT Scavengers e.g. haptoglobin

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GROUPS INDIVIDUAL PROTEINS Positive APRs   Major APRs   Complement proteins    Coagulation proteins   Proteinase inhibitors    Binding proteins   Other proteins Negative APRs Serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P component C2, C3, C4, C5, C9, B, C1 inhibitor, C4 binding protein Fibrinogen, plasminogen, urokinase, protein S  1-Antitrypsin, 1-antichymotrypsin, 2-antiplasmin, heparin cofactor II, Haptoglobin, haemopexin, ceruloplasmin, mannoseBP 1-Acid glycoprotein, haeme oxygenase, leukocyte protein I, lipoprotein (a), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein Albumin, pre-albumin, transferin, AFP, transcortin, HS glycoprotein, inter--trypsin inhibitor, histidine-rich glycoprotein.

Selected APPs : 

Selected APPs CRP Originally named for its ability to bind the C-polysaccharide of pneumococcus Increase up to 1000 fold in response to inflm Increase occurs within 24-48hrs Acts as opsonin for bacteria…. Can act as activator of classic complement pathway

CRP ctd : 

CRP ctd Clinically can be used to: Detect an infexion esp in immunosuppressed As a guide to severity of CT diseases Detecting intercurrent infection in SLE In the diagnosis of inflam bowel disease In mgt of neonatal septicaemia & meningitis As an indicator of cardiovascular risk

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SAA Small apolipoproteins that bind HDL Redirect HDL from liver cell to macrophages Implicated in a no. of clinical conditions

SUMMARY : 

SUMMARY I have presented APP which are plasma proteins involved in innate immune response, concentration of which either increase or decrease and are valuable in management and monitoring of some disease conditions

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THANK YOU