Satellite communication.

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1 INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA KULLIYYAH OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING NOAA SATELLITE Presented By MUKTAR HUSSAINI G1012757 As ECE 6233 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT PRESENTATION 23/08/2010

NATIONAL OCEANIC ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION : 

NATIONAL OCEANIC ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere at the Department of Commerce, and the agency's Administrator, is Dr. Jane Lubchenco

Presentation Outline : 

What is NOAA? Mission and Vision Brief History Offices Environmental Satellite Characteristics of GOES and POES NOAA/POES Satellite Lunch NOAA/GOES Satellite Lunch Future NOAA Satellite NOAA Satellite Broadcast Network POES/GOES Coverage POES/GOES Imager Product End. Presentation Outline

What is NOAA? : 

“NOAA's work touches the daily lives of every person in the United States and in much of the world. From weather forecasts in the Midwest to fisheries management on the East Coast, from safe navigation to coastal services in the Gulf, from remote sensing to climate research and ocean exploration, NOAA's products and services contribute to the foundation of a healthy economy and affect approximately one-third of the nation's gross domestic product.” Dr. Jane Lubchenco Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator What is NOAA?

Mission and vision : 

NOAA’s mission is to understand and predict changes in the Earth’s environment and to conserve, protect, and manage coastal, marine, and Great Lakes’ resources to meet our nation’s economic, social, and environmental needs. NOAA’s vision is an informed society that uses a comprehensive understanding of the role of the oceans, coasts, and atmosphere in the global ecosystem to make the best social and economic decisions. Mission and vision

Brief History : 

NOAA was formed on October 3, 1970 after Richard Nixon proposed creating a new department to serve a national need "...for better protection of life and property from natural hazards...for a better understanding of the total environment...[and] for exploration and development leading to the intelligent use of our marine resources..." NOAA formed a conglomeration of three existing agencies that were among the oldest in the Federal Government. They were the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, formed in 1807; the Weather Bureau, formed in 1870; and the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, formed in 1871. NOAA was established within the Department of Commerce via the Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1970. With its ties to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, NOAA celebrated 200 years of service in 2007. Brief History

OFFICES : 

The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service NESDIS Observes our Earth, the sun, our oceans, and our atmosphere. The National Marine Fisheries Service NMFS Responsible for the stewardship of the world’s largest exclusive economic zone. The National Ocean Service NOS Delivers the tools and services needed to understand, predict, and protect America's coasts, Great Lakes, and ocean waters. The National Weather Service NWS Provides weather, water, and climate forecasts and warnings for the United States, its territories, adjacent waters, and ocean areas. The Office of Marine and Aviation Operations OMAO Manages, operates, and maintains the nation’s largest civil fleet of research and survey ships (20) and aircraft (13), as well as NOAA’s Dive Program and the NOAA Commissioned Corps, the nation’s seventh uniformed service. The Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research OAR Is NOAA’s primary research and development organization, and studies the Earth system from the deep ocean to the upper atmosphere The Office of Program Planning and Integration PPI Ensures Agency investments and actions are guided by a Strategic Plan and sound social and economic analysis. OFFICES

Environmental Satellite : 

Today, the nation's environmental satellites are operated by NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service in Suitland, Maryland. NOAA's operational environmental satellite system is composed of two types of satellites: geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) for national, regional, short-range warning and "now-casting," and polar-orbiting environmental satellites (POES) for global, long-term forecasting and environmental monitoring. Both types of satellites are necessary for providing a complete global weather monitoring system. In addition, NOAA operates satellites in the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), which are also polar-orbiting satellites. NESDIS also manages the processing and distribution of the millions of bits of data and images the satellites produce each day. Environmental Satellite

Characteristics of POES : 

Characteristics of POES Observes events at fixed and infrequent times Repeat coverage twice daily (t =12 hours) Global coverage Excellent viewing of all latitudes Varying viewing angle Same solar illumination Resolution: visible – 1 km, infrared – 1 km sounders: microwave – 10-50 km, infrared - 20 km Microwave helps with atmospheric and surface detection in the presence of clouds Passive and Active sensors

Characteristics of GOES : 

Characteristics of GOES Observes events and their evolution Repeat coverage in minutes (t = 15 or 30 minutes (or less)) Full earth disk Restricted viewing of high-latitudes due to large viewing angles; excellent viewing of the tropics Same viewing angle for fixed point Differing solar illumination for fixed point throughout the day Resolution: visible – 1 km , infrared 4 km sounder – 10 km Constant hourly viewing helps get clear field of view for sounding Passive sensors

Active vs. Passive Sensors : 

Active vs. Passive Sensors A passive sensor measures energy emitted by another source. An active sensor, such as a weather radar, measures the return signal from a pulse of energy emitted by the sensor itself.

NOAA/POES Satellite Lunch Date : 

TIROS-N was launched October 13, 1978, and was the first satellite in the fourth NOAA-A (6) was launched June 27, 1979 and was totally deactivated on March 31, 1987, after nearly eight years of operational service. NOAA-B was launched May 29, 1980, and failed to achieve a usable orbit because of a booster engine anomaly. NOAA-C (7) was launched June 23, 1981, and was deactivated in June 1986. NOAA-E (8) was launched March 28, 1983. It was the first of the Advanced TIROS-N configuration satellites and it included the first search and rescue package. Deactivated on December 29, 1985. NOAA-F (9) was launched December 12, 1984, and was deactivated on February 13,1998. NOAA-G (10) was launched September 17, 1986, and was deactivated on August 30, 2001. NOAA/POES Satellite Lunch Date

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NOAA-H (11) was launched September 24, 1988. Some instruments are currently in use to a limited degree. NOAA-D (12) was launched on May 14, 1991, and some instruments and other subsystems continue to operate satisfactorily. NOAA-12 was placed in standby mode on December 14, 1998, when NOAA-15 became operational. NOAA-I (13) was launched on August 9, 1993, and two weeks after launch, the spacecraft suffered a power system anomaly. Attempts to contact or command the spacecraft since the power failure have been unsuccessful. NOAA-J (14) was launched on December 30, 1994, and was deactivated on May 23,2007, after more than 12 yeas of service. NOAA-K (15) was launched on May 13, 1998, and is a backup satellite with some degraded and failed capabilities. NOAA-L (16) was launched on September 21, 2000, and is a backup satellite with some degraded capabilities. NOAA (17) was launched on June 24, 2002, and serves as a backup morning spacecraft with a failed AMSU-A1. NOAA (18) was launched on May 20, 2005, and currently serves as the operational afternoon satellite. The HIRS performance has been erratic due to a suspect loose lens.

5 POES Satellite in Action : 

Currently, NOAA is operating five polar orbiters. A new series of polar orbiters, with improved sensors, began with the launch of NOAA-15 in May 1998 and NOAA-16 on September 21, 2000. The newest, NOAA-17, was launched June 24, 2002. NOAA-12, NOAA-14 and NOAA-15 all continue transmitting data as stand-by satellites. NOAA-16 and NOAA-17 are classified as the "operational" satellites. 5 POES Satellite in Action

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MidAM Orbit Future NOAA POES Satelliet 2009 2010 2021 2007 2008 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 NPP NPOESS C1 PM Orbit AM Orbit Extended operation Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DoD) European Polar System (EUMETSAT) NOAA Polar Satellite Program NPOESS Preparatory Project (NASA/NOAA) NPOESS(NOAA/DoD/NASA) Calendar Year 2022 2023 Satellite is beyond design life Previous Schedule (through November 2008) NPOESS C3

List of GOES Satellite : 

List of GOES Satellite GOES 1, launched on October 16, 1975, decommissioned GOES 2, launched on June 16, 1977, decommissioned GOES 3, launched on June 16, 1978, used as a communications relay for the South Pole research station. GOES 4, launched on September 9, 1980, decommissioned GOES 5, launched on May 22, 1981, deactivated on July 18, 1990 GOES 6 , launched on April 28, 1983, decommissioned GOES-G, launched on May 3, 1986, failed to orbit GOES 7, launched April 28, 1987, used as a communications satellite by Peacesat GOES 8, launched on April 13, 1994, decommissioned GOES 9, launched on May 23, 1995, decommissioned on June 15, 2007 GOES 10, launched on April 25, 1997,decommissioned on December 2, 2009 GOES 11, launched on May 3, 2000, in operation GOES 12, launched on July 23, 2001, in operation GOES 13, launched on May 24, 2006, on orbit - in storage GOES 14, launched on June 27, 2009, on orbit - in storage GOES 15, launched on March 4, 2010

4 GOES Satellite In Active : 

Four GOES satellites are currently available for operational use: GOES-11 is designated GOES-West, currently located at 135°W over the Pacific Ocean. GOES-12 is designated GOES-East, currently located at 75°W over the Amazon River. It provides most of the U.S. weather information. GOES-13 is in on-orbit storage at 105°W. GOES 14 was placed in orbit on 7 July 2009, underwent Post-Launch Testing. 4 GOES Satellite In Active

Future NOAA GOES Satellite : 

Future NOAA GOES Satellite The GOES-R series of spacecraft is in the development phase. The first GOES-R series satellite is scheduled for launch in fiscal year 2015 and is expected to remain operational through December 2027. In September 2006 the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) was cancelled and the planned number of satellites was reduced from 4 to 2 by NOAA due to concerns about cost overruns. The planned delivery schedule was also slowed down in order to reduce costs. Contracts are planned to be awarded sometime in mid-2009. The expected cost is $7.69 billion—a $670 million increase from the prior $7 billion estimate.

GOES-R Improvement Summary : 

GOES-R Improvement Summary Imager (ABI) Better resolution (4X), faster coverage (5X), more bands (3.2X) and more coverage simultaneously Lightning detection (GLM) Continuous coverage of total lightning flash rate over land and water Solar/Space Monitoring (SUVI, EXIS, SEISS) Better Imager (UV over X-Ray) Better Heavy Ion detection, adds low energy electrons and protons Auxiliary Services Higher Data Rates for Environmental Data Relay The large increase in spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution of the ABI of GOES-R increases the data volume and drives a large increase in ground system processing requirements for product generation and for distribution of products to users.

GOES N (13) Satellite Lunch : 

GOES N (13) Satellite Lunch The GOES N satellite was launched on a Delta IV rocket from SLC-37B, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida named GOES 13 when its reached orbit

GEO N (13) During processing : 

Operator NOAA/NASA Major contractors Boeing Bus BSS-601 Mission type Weather Launch date 24 May 200622:11:00 GMT Carrier rocket Delta IVM+(4,2) Launch site Canaveral SLC-37B Mission duration 10 years Mass 3,133 kilograms (6,910 lb) Orbital period 24 hours Longitude 105° West GEO N (13) During processing

GOES O (14) Satellite Lunch : 

The first attempt to launch GOES-O was made on 26 June 2009, during a launch window running from 22:14-23:14 GMT. Due to rain and lightning at the launch site, the launch was delayed from the start of the window to 22:44 GMT, and once this passed, it was reset to the end of the window. At 22:59 GMT, the launch was scrubbed after field mills detected an unacceptably strong electrical field in the atmosphere, and fifteen minutes would have been required from this clearing in order to launch - longer than remained of the launch window. The weather satellite was eventually launched on 27 June 2009. GOES O (14) Satellite Lunch

GOES 14 during processing : 

Operator NOAA/NASA Major contractors Boeing, ITT Corporation Bus BSS-601 Mission type Weather Launch date 27 June 200922:51 GMT Carrier rocket Delta IV-M+(4,2) Launch site CCAFS SLC-37B Mission duration 10 years COSPAR ID 2009-033A Mass 3,133 kilograms (6,910 lb) Power 2.3 kilowatts Orbital period 24 hours Longitude 89.5° West GOES 14 during processing

GOES P (15) Satellite Lunch : 

GOES 15, previously known as GOES-P, is an American weather satellite, which will form part of the GOES system operated by the US NOAA. The spacecraft was constructed by Boeing, and is the last of three GOES saetllites to be based on the BSS-601 bus. GOES P (15) Satellite Lunch GOES 15 launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station SLC-37B, March 4, 2010.

GOES 15 during processing : 

GOES 15 during processing Operator NOAA/NASA Major contractors BoeingITT Corporation Bus BSS-601 Mission type Weather Launch date 4 March 201023:57 GMT Carrier rocket Delta IV-M+(4,2) Launch site CCAFS SLC-37B Mission duration 10 years (planned) COSPAR ID 2010-008A Mass 3,238 kilograms (7,140 lb) Power 2.3 kilowatts Geostationary Orbital period 24 hours

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NOAA’s Satellite Broadcast Network GOES POES NOAA/NESDIS NOAA/NWS DCS AVHRR HIRS/AMSU GVAR NCEP Hydromet Sensor Products (e.g., radar, ASOS, Profiler, River Gages) TOC NWSTG Satellite Product Generation AWIPS NCF Guidance & Model Products Satellite imagery Other Environmental Satellite Products AMC-2 Satellite NOAAPORT Uplink Facility (NY) WFO/RFC Forecasts, Watches Warnings NOAAPORT Users Includes Many Users – Inside and Outside of NOAA Other Environmental Satellite Products

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Search and rescue event

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PEOS COVERAGE

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GOES East (75oW), Goes West (135oW)System Coverage Lines are elevation angles of 5, 10, 20, and 30 degrees

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GOES I-M DataBook GOES

GOES Imager Products : 

GOES Imager Products Heavy Rainfall High density winds Fog/low cloud Inflight Icing Volcanic ash detection Fire detection

PEOS Products : 

PEOS Products Clear sky precipitable water (IR) Cloud fraction (daytime) Aerosol optical depth Cloud optical thickness (water) Surface albedo Normalized difference vegetation index Ecosystem classification

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MorphosisNOAA Satellite Operations FacilitySuitland, Maryland NOAA/NESDIS Fairbanks Station Alaska. FCDAS ground station at Gilmore CreekNOAA/NESDIS

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38 Acronyms ASOS – Automated Surface Observing System AWIPS – Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System BUFR – Binary Universal Form for Representation of Meteorological Data CONUS – Continental US DCP – Data Collection Platform DNG – Downscaled Numerical Guidance, an NCEP product DVB-S,DVB-S2 – Digital Video Broadcast by Satellite (First & Second Generations) GINI – GOES Ingest/NOAAPORT Interface GOES – Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GRIB – Gridded Binary (Editions 1 and 2) NCEP – National Centers for Environmental Prediction NCF – Network Control Facility NDE – NPOESS Data Exploitation NESDIS – National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service NPOESS – National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System NWSTG – National Weather Service Telecommunications Gateway also, the NOAAPort Channel that carries numerous NWSTG products OCONUS – Off CONUS PID – Packet IDPOES – Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite RFC – River Forecast Center SBN – Satellite Broadcast Network (NOAAPort) SREF – Short Range Ensemble Forecast WFO – Weather Forecast Office zlib – Compression (for some satellite and radar products)

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