compost

: 

Jamal suliman elgosni Under supervision of Prof.Dr.Maher Georgi Nasseem Introducing by The role of Compost in soil environmental 2006-2007

Introduction : 

Introduction Composting organic wastes is an environmentally sound means of recycling raw organic materials into valuable soil amendments with many uses.

Why use compost? : 

Why use compost? Composting is a method of stabilizing organic wastes by the action of microorganism Increasing soil organic matter 30t/ha compost provides ~ 6 t/ha of organic matter = long-term benefits for soil structure, fertility and water holding • Slow release nutrients 30 t/ha compost is worth ~ £90/ha • Increasing soil microbial population • Stabilizing soil pH (fertilizers acidify soil) Better crop establishment & yields

The composting process : 

The composting process The basic process is very simple: Collection of suitably balanced feedstock materials Shredding Composting Maturation Screening Application of finished product

Slide 6: 

Distributed by: Information Packaging Centre Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development 7000 - 113 Street, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6H 5T6 Material flow for the conventional composting process.

How does composting work? : 

How does composting work?

Types of composting : 

Types of composting -Farmyard manure (FYM) -Poultry Manure -Cattle slurry -Town refuse -Sewage sludge

Characteristics of compost : 

Characteristics of compost General properties of green waste compost Characteristics of compost

Nutrient contents : 

Nutrient contents

Contamination with heavy metals (mg/kg dry weight) : 

Contamination with heavy metals (mg/kg dry weight) Contamination with heavy metals (mg/kg dry weight) Contamination with heavy metals (mg/kg dry weight)

HM loading rates(kg metal/ha/year when compost applied at 35t/ha/yr) : 

HM loading rates(kg metal/ha/year when compost applied at 35t/ha/yr)

Contamination with inert fragments(% by weight) : 

Contamination with inert fragments(% by weight)

The effects of compostapplication : 

The effects of compostapplication Greater diversity of soil organisms Improved soil structure and water retention Supply of plant nutrients Suppression of plant pathogens

Effects on soil chemistry : 

Effects on soil chemistry • The nitrogen in compost is very stable and is only released slowly – there is therefore little risk of it being leached • Compost is a good source of potassium (in a readily available form) • Compost is a reasonably good source of phosphorous • Trace elements are also retuned to the soil

Copper addition when organic materials are spread (g/ha/yr) : 

Copper addition when organic materials are spread (g/ha/yr)

Zinc addition when organic materials are spread (g/ha/yr) : 

Zinc addition when organic materials are spread (g/ha/yr)

Organic matter additions (250 kg/ha N) : 

Organic matter additions (250 kg/ha N)

Effect of organic matter inputs on topsoil available water capacity (AWC) : 

Effect of organic matter inputs on topsoil available water capacity (AWC)

Compost can help conserve soil moisture : 

Compost can help conserve soil moisture Moisture at 10 cm

Effect of organic matter inputs on topsoil microbial biomass- : 

Effect of organic matter inputs on topsoil microbial biomass-

An example of the effects on crop yields : 

An example of the effects on crop yields Yield (percent of control) Potatoes Onions Cabbages Carrots

Effect of organic matter inputs on topsoil microbial biomass : 

Effect of organic matter inputs on topsoil microbial biomass

Effect of total nitrogen inputs on topsoil PMN (potentially mineralisableN) : 

Effect of total nitrogen inputs on topsoil PMN (potentially mineralisableN)

Effects on soil structure : 

Effects on soil structure Organic matter additions improve soil structure on both heavy and light land. This has beneficial effects on water holding capacity, drainage, erosion and root penetration. Cultivations are made easier.

Effects on soil biology : 

Effects on soil biology • Biological activity is stimulated by the addition of nutrients and by the improvement to soil structure • Some evidence suggests that there can be inhibition of plant diseases

Maximum supply of soil microelements and heavy metals content : 

Maximum supply of soil microelements and heavy metals content

Maximum limit for soil microelements and heavy metals content due to supply compost(mg/kg soil) : 

Maximum limit for soil microelements and heavy metals content due to supply compost(mg/kg soil)

Conclusions : 

Conclusions Composting can be an effective way of managing organic wastes. On-farm composting is a useful technique for dealing with farm generated wastes – bringing in material from elsewhere can be a good business in itself. Application of compost adds to the organic matter in the soil Compost is a good source of available P and K. The nitrogen it contains is in a stable state and relatively unavailable in the short term.

ReferencesLitterick Audrey, Sinclair Alex ,2006(COMPOST USE IN AGRICULTURE AND FIELD HORTICULTURE )FACTS CPD points (PN/066/067/a) 5 points 1PD 3PN 1E,Sac.Rayns Francis. 2005 ( How does green waste compost affect) center soil fertility ,EIM FAR Researches.Dahama. A., K. (1999) Organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Agro Bolanice, Daryagun, New Delhi 110002. Elgala, A. M; El Damaty, A. Abdel Latif (1976), Comparative ability of natural humus material and synthetic chelates is extracting Fe, Mn, Zn and Ca from soil. Scitschrift. Pflanzenernahrung W. Boden Kunde helf 3 : 301-307. Henry Doubleday Research Association (1998), For Organic Excellence HDERA-bublication UK. Schuphan W, (1975), Yield maximization versus biological value. Qual plant 24 : 281-310. : 

ReferencesLitterick Audrey, Sinclair Alex ,2006(COMPOST USE IN AGRICULTURE AND FIELD HORTICULTURE )FACTS CPD points (PN/066/067/a) 5 points 1PD 3PN 1E,Sac.Rayns Francis. 2005 ( How does green waste compost affect) center soil fertility ,EIM FAR Researches.Dahama. A., K. (1999) Organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Agro Bolanice, Daryagun, New Delhi 110002. Elgala, A. M; El Damaty, A. Abdel Latif (1976), Comparative ability of natural humus material and synthetic chelates is extracting Fe, Mn, Zn and Ca from soil. Scitschrift. Pflanzenernahrung W. Boden Kunde helf 3 : 301-307. Henry Doubleday Research Association (1998), For Organic Excellence HDERA-bublication UK. Schuphan W, (1975), Yield maximization versus biological value. Qual plant 24 : 281-310.