CSE3March2009cwd35withCrane

Introduction to Complex System Engineering3 march 2009 : 

Introduction to Complex System Engineering3 march 2009 Emmanuel FUCHS Slides available soon at www.elfuchs.fr

ComplexSystem Examples : 

ComplexSystem Examples

Slide 5: 

System ProblemsExamples

System Problems Examples : 

System Problems Examples

System definition (Eberhardt Rechtin 1926-2006) : 

System definition (Eberhardt Rechtin 1926-2006) A system is a construct or collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by the elements alone.  The elements, or parts, can include people, hardware, software, facilities, policies, and documents; that is, all things required to produce systems-level results.  The results include system level qualities, properties, characteristics, functions, behavior and performance.   The value added by the system as a whole, beyond that contributed independently by the parts, is primarily created by the relationship among the parts; that is, how they are interconnected.

Systemic : 

Systemic The whole is greater than the sum of the parts; The part is greater than a fraction of the whole. Aristotle

System: another definition : 

System: another definition A system is any set (group) of interdependent or temporally interacting parts. Parts are generally systems themselves and are composed of other parts, just as systems are generally parts of other systems.

System Definition : 

System Definition Sub System Sub System Sub System System Users Mission Environment Stakeholders Border

System Meta Model : 

System Meta Model From INCOSE

SE Bodies : 

SE Bodies http://www.afis.fr/ Association Française d'Ingénierie Système http://www.incose.org/ International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)

System Engineering Definition : 

System Engineering Definition “an interdisciplinary approach encompassing the entire technical effort to evolve and verify an integrated and balanced set of system, people, product, and process solutions that satisfy customer needs…..”

System Engineering (SE) : 

System Engineering (SE) SE focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem Systems engineers deal with abstract systems, and rely on other engineering disciplines to design and deliver the tangible products that are the realization of those systems. Systems engineering effort spans the whole system lifecycle.

Systemic Approach : 

Systemic Approach One + One > two Aristotle : The whole is more than the sum of its parts. Parts (Components) Connections

System Engineering Meta Model : 

System Engineering Meta Model From INCOSE

System engineer/architect : 

System engineer/architect Works with system abstraction. It is impossible to master everything Requirements Management System Model

Design the right system : 

Design the right system

Process Definition : 

Process Definition Set of interrelated of interacting activities which transforms inputs to outputs P Inputs Outputs

A Process : 

A Process

Process: V cycle : 

Process: V cycle

Sequential V cycle drawbacks : 

Sequential V cycle drawbacks Documentation And mock-up Phase

Sequential V cycle drawbacks : 

Sequential V cycle drawbacks Documentation And mock-up Phase

Iterative and Incremental : 

Iterative and Incremental Incremental Iterative

Barry W. Boehm : 

Barry W. Boehm

Iterative and Incremental : 

Iterative and Incremental The Systems Engineering Process is not sequential. It is parallel and iterative. The complex interrelationship between creating and improving models throughout the process of developing and selecting alternatives is a good example of the dynamic nature of the systems engineering process.

Process Standardization : 

Process Standardization NASA DOD (US Departement Of Defense): Documentation Model IEEE ISO (International Organization for Standardization) IEC (International Electrotechnical Committee). ISO/IEC 15504 / SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination) SEI (Software Engineering Institute)

Capability Maturity Model - Integration : 

Capability Maturity Model - Integration CMMI defines the essential elements of effective processes for engineering disciplines based on best industry experiences. CMMI models provide guidance when developing and evaluating processes. CMMI models are not actually processes or process descriptions.

CMMI Maturity Levels : 

CMMI Maturity Levels

ITIL : 

ITIL ITIL : Information Technology Infrastructure Library http://www.itil-officialsite.com

Process Documentation and Review : 

Process Documentation and Review SSS: System/Segment Specification SSDD : System/Segment Design Document IRS : Interface Requirement Specification ICD : Interface Control Definition SRR : System Requirement Review SDR : System Design Review TRR : Test Readiness Review

Process Activities : 

Process Activities

What is a requirement ? : 

What is a requirement ? A requirement is a condition to be satisfied in order to respond to: A contract A standard A specification Any other document and / or model imposed.

Requirements : 

Requirements User’s Requirements Statements in natural language of the system services. Described by the user System Requirements Structured document setting out detailed description of system services. Part of the contract

User’s Requirements example : 

User’s Requirements example A customer must be able to abort a transaction in progress by pressing the Cancel key instead of responding to a request from the machine. The washing machine will be used in the following countries: UK, USA, Europe, Eastern Europe

Process : 

Process

System Requirements : 

System Requirements The System shall provide ........ The System shall be capable of ........ The System shall weigh ........ The Subsystem #1 shall provide ........ The Subsystem #2 shall interface with .....

Requirement Quality : 

Requirement Quality A good requirement states something that is necessary, verifiable, and attainable To be verifiable, the requirement must state something that can be verified by: analysis, inspection, test, or demonstration (AIDT)

Requirement analysis : 

Requirement analysis User Requirement Minimum levels of noise and vibration are desirable. System Requirement Requirement 03320: The noise generated shall not exceed 60 db

Requirement Types : 

Requirement Types Functional requirements Functional requirements capture the intended behavior of the system. This behavior may be expressed as services, tasks or functions the system is required to perform Non-Functional requirements All others Constraints

DOORS : 

DOORS

DOORS : 

DOORS

DOORS : 

DOORS

Process : 

Process

System Architecture : 

System Architecture The System Architecture identifies all the products (including enabling products) that are necessary to support the system and, by implication, the processes necessary for development, production/construction, deployment, operations, support, disposal, training, and verification

Architecture Modeling : 

Architecture Modeling System : Abstraction Functional model Dynamic model Semantic Model Object model Physical Model Interfaces Model Model Views

Architecture Meta Model : 

Architecture Meta Model From IEEE

Architecture and Components Assembly : 

Architecture and Components Assembly

Example of Architecture Views : 

Example of Architecture Views The Functional Architecture identifies and structures the allocated functional and performance requirements. The Physical Architecture depicts the system product by showing how it is broken down into subsystems and components

Functional VS physical Model : 

Functional VS physical Model How to fly ? Look at birds: Physical Model So I need: Legs, Eyes, Brain, and Wings. But I can not fly !!! Why ? I have to find the flight functional model !

Example Birds physical for flying : 

Example Birds physical for flying Physical decomposition: physical components that birds used to fly: Legs, Eyes, Brain, and Wings. But can not be applied to system directly

Flying functional model : 

Flying functional model Functional decomposition of flying function: Produce horizontal thrust, Produce vertical lift. Takeoff and land, Sense position and velocity, Navigate,

Allocations : 

Allocations Represent general relationships that map one model element to another Different types of allocation are: Behavioral (i.e., function to component) Structural (i.e., logical to physical) Software to Hardware ….

Bird and Airplane Functional to Physical architecture mapping : 

Bird and Airplane Functional to Physical architecture mapping

Stove Pipe architecture : 

Stove Pipe architecture User Functional Organization Physical

Multi-criteria decision : 

Multi-criteria decision

Trade Off : 

Trade Off Multi-criteria decision-aiding techniques are available to help discover the preferred alternatives. This analysis should be repeated, as better data becomes available.

Tower Crane example : 

Tower Crane example

Tower Crane example : 

Tower Crane example x

French Tower Cranes : 

French Tower Cranes

British Tower Cranes : 

British Tower Cranes

British Tower Cranes : 

British Tower Cranes

British Tower Cranes : 

British Tower Cranes

British Tower Cranes : 

British Tower Cranes

Luffing jib tower crane : 

Luffing jib tower crane When the jib is moved, the hoist gear is controlled in such a way as to ensure that the hook travels horizontally.

Luffing jib tower crane : 

Luffing jib tower crane

The two types of basic jib design : 

The two types of basic jib design Horizontal Jib This jib takes the form of a simple structure extending from the tower, along which a trolley can travel, carrying the hoist rope and hook assembly to vary radii. Luffing Jib The luffing jib has no trolley, the variation of hook radii is achieved by altering the jib angle, the same as with a mobile crane.

Horizontal Jib : 

Horizontal Jib

Luffing Jib : 

Luffing Jib

Luffing jib tower crane : 

Luffing jib tower crane These cranes have been designed for work on particularly high buildings or in extremely restricted spaces. These cranes can solve all the problems that may appear in building sites settled in crowded places, in the town centres or in some areas full of obstacles like prefabricated buildings or towers.

Washing Machine example : 

Washing Machine example

Functional To Physical Model : 

Functional To Physical Model Functional : Discover the system functions Washing Machine What it does ? Washes How it does ? Agitates Physical Component : Agitator

Washing Machine Physical Model : 

Washing Machine Physical Model agitator tube draining hand-operated washer plungers

Washing Machine Physical Model : 

Washing Machine Physical Model agitator Outer tube draining top loading US

Washing Machine Physical Model : 

Washing Machine Physical Model agitator Outer tube draining Inner tube = drum front loading Europe

Washing Machine Functional model : 

Washing Machine Functional model

Context Diagram : 

Context Diagram

Washing Machine Functional Breakdown : 

Washing Machine Functional Breakdown

Washing Machine Data Flows : 

Washing Machine Data Flows

Slide 87: 

On montre un exemple ou le modèle fonctionnel est le même mais la décomposition physique est différente : Agitateur VS tambour

Washing Machine allocation example : 

Washing Machine allocation example

Washing Machine Physical Model : 

Washing Machine Physical Model agitator tube draining hand-operated washer plungers

Washing Machine Physical Model : 

Washing Machine Physical Model agitator Outer tube draining top loading US

Washing Machine Physical Model : 

Washing Machine Physical Model agitator Outer tube draining Inner tube = drum front loading Europe

Washing Machine Physical Model : 

Washing Machine Physical Model top loading

Washing Machine Physical Model : 

Washing Machine Physical Model front loading

Washing Machine Physical Model : 

Washing Machine Physical Model front loading

UML : 

UML

SysML : 

SysML

Block definition diagram of the Clothe Washing Domain : 

Block definition diagram of the Clothe Washing Domain

Activity hierarchy in block diagram definition (Hierarchical Functional Model) : 

Activity hierarchy in block diagram definition (Hierarchical Functional Model)

Washing Machine Data Flows : 

Washing Machine Data Flows

Process : 

Process

Process: V cycle : 

Process: V cycle

Integration : 

Integration Integration means bringing things together so they work as a whole.

Spaghetti Plate Syndrome : 

Spaghetti Plate Syndrome

Encapsulation Analogy : 

Encapsulation Analogy Implementation Interface A driver doesn't care of engine's internal working. He only knows the interface

Process : 

Process

IVVQCA : 

IVVQCA Integrate : Build the system Verification : Ensures that you built it right Validation : Ensures that you built the right thing Certification : Ensure that the system is safe Acceptance : Ensures that the customer gets what he wants and the company get paid.

Ensure that the system is safe : 

Ensure that the system is safe

Conclusion : 

Conclusion Thank You For Your Attention Questions are welcome Contacts : emmanuel.fuchs@thalesraytheon-fr.com Slides Available soon at www.elfuchs.fr