acute abdominal pain

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By: suleripk (1 month(s) ago)

very beautifully organised... may i request to get a copy to save for future references....

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veeeeeeeery infooooooormative

Presentation Transcript

Art of Approaching Acute Abdomen…:

Art of Approaching Acute Abdomen… Dr.S.Easwaramoorthy MS FRCS (Edin) FRCS (Eng) FRCS (Glas) Lotus hospital The Rule of Five!

Slide 3:

‘It is as much as intellectual exercise to tackle the Problems of belly ache as to work on the Human genome’ Hugh Dudley Rely Your Clinical Judgment & Instinct!

Slide 4:

‘Doc, Which of them has an acute abdomen!’

5 Steps of Clinical evaluation:

5 Steps of Clinical evaluation Good history Look and Feel Sensibly investigate Optimize Proceed for definitive care God gave you ears, eyes and hands: Use them on the patient in That order’! William Kelsey Fry 1889-1963 Key Message 1

Let Us Recognize the Clinical Patterns:

Let Us Recognize the Clinical Patterns ‘Shock/Catastrophe’ AAA/Ectopic/Pancreatitis ‘Hole’ Generalised peritonitis ‘Itis’ Appendicitis/Cholecystitis ‘Block’ Mechanical/Functional bowel obstruction Medical illness DKA/Pneumonia Key Message 2

Clinical Patterns:

Clinical Patterns ‘Shock/Catastrophe’ AAA/Ectopic/ Pancreatitis/GI bleeding Mesenteric Ischemia

Shock/Catastrophe:

Shock/Catastrophe 60/M Massive Bleeding Per Rectum Shock/Pale/Soft abdomen Hb 4gm/ 4 th unit blood on flow Endoscopy and Proctoscopy: Normal Colonoscopy: Normal What is next? It is not bleeding until you can hear it bleeding! Gail Waldby

Slide 11:

“Hey, are you sure that all of this is coming from above”

Mystery revealed Patient relieved and so too the surgeon!:

Mystery revealed Patient relieved and so too the surgeon! GIST Upper GI bleeding Lower GI bleeding Middle GI bleeding Small bowel

Clinical Patterns:

Clinical Patterns ‘Shock/Catastrophe’ AAA/Ectopic/Pancreatitis ‘Hole’ Generalised peritonitis

‘Hole’:

‘Hole’ 62/M S udden onset of S evere abdominal pain Lying S till S tone like S ilent abdomen X ray chest : Pneumoperitoneum Oversew Perforation of DU Laparotomy Vs Laparoscopy

Laparoscopic Oversewing Perf DU:

Laparoscopic Oversewing Perf DU

Clinical Patterns:

Clinical Patterns ‘Shock/Catastrophe’ AAA/Ectopic/Pancreatitis ‘Hole’ Generalised peritonitis ‘Itis’ Appendicitis/Cholecystitis

Localized Peritonitis:

Localized Peritonitis Appendicitis Cholecystitis Diverticulitis Guarding and Tenderness

Slide 18:

Even a dentist can diagnose classic appendicitis

Acute abdominal Pain During Pregnancy:

Acute abdominal Pain During Pregnancy 22/F Primi, 2 nd trimester 5 days of vague abdominal pain, distension and vomiting Tenderness right lumbar region Some evidence of sepsis

Acute abdominal Pain in Pregnancy:

Acute abdominal Pain in Pregnancy Obsteric causes Ectopic Abortion Abruptio Eclampsia Rupture uterus General causes UTI Appendicitis Cholecystitis Gastritis Intestinal obstruction There are two things in life that I will never understand -Women and acute appendicitis

Issues:

Issues Diagnosis of appendicitis not always easy Risk of premature labour/premature baby Role of Laparoscopy ‘Whatever the clinical presentation, whatever the abdominal findings, always keep appendicitis at the back of your mind’!

Clinical Patterns:

Clinical Patterns ‘Shock/Catastrophe’ AAA/Ectopic/Pancreatitis ‘Hole’ Generalised peritonitis ‘Itis’ Appendicitis/Cholecystitis ‘Block’ Intestinal obstruction

Intestinal obstruction Pearls of Wisdom:

Intestinal obstruction Pearls of Wisdom Useful Tips : Small bowel Vs Large bowel Simple Vs Strangulated Rebound tenderness Mechanical Vs Functional bowel obstruction True/Pseudo obstruction Operated abdomen Vs Virgin abdomen Adhesions Vs Ca or Hernia Never forget to look for Femoral hernia

Small or Large bowel:

Small or Large bowel Symptoms Small Bowel Obstruction Large Bowel Obstruction Colicky Pain +++ + Vomiting +++ + Distension ++ ++++ Constipation + +++

Small Vs Large:

Small Vs Large

SBO:

SBO

Slide 27:

Operated abdomen: Adhesions Virgin abdomen: Hernia/Ca colon

Cocoon Abdomen:

Cocoon Abdomen

Clinical Patterns:

Clinical Patterns ‘Shock/Catastrophe’ AAA/Ectopic/Pancreatitis ‘Hole’ Generalised peritonitis ‘Itis’ Appendicitis/Cholecystitis ‘Block’ Mechanical/Functional bowel obstruction Medical illness DKA/Pneumonia

Laboratory results in Acute abdomen:

Laboratory results in Acute abdomen White cell count Supportive but not essential to diagnose appendicitis Serum amylase > 1000 units to diagnose pancreatitis Hyperamylasemia Renal Parameters Paralytic ileus Low serum albumin Healing of anastomosis and wound Urine Pus cells : UTI pregnancy test : Ectopic Pregnancy Key Message 3

US Scan in Acute Pancreatitis:

US Scan in Acute Pancreatitis Edematous Pancreas Gall Stones

Acute Appendicitis is a Clinical Diagnosis:

Acute Appendicitis is a Clinical Diagnosis US abdomen CT abdomen

Clinical Decision Making:

Clinical Decision Making Urgent Surgery Perf DU/Strangulated bowel Surgery Next day Ac Appendicitis/Obstructed Ca colon Surgery during this admission Ac Cholecystits Surgery at a later date Appendicular mass/Ac Cholecystits Conservative Pancreatitis Key Message 4

Conclusion:

Conclusion Understand the clinical patterns Judicious use of investigations Clinical decision by the Captain of the Ship

Slide 37:

Thank You