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Data : – A raw fact which may not have a meaning. : 

Data : – A raw fact which may not have a meaning.

Information : – A collection of data giving a certain meaning. : 

Information : – A collection of data giving a certain meaning.

Data base : – It is a collection of data with organized manner with some specific purpose. Eg – dictionary, telephone directory(but book is not a database) : 

Data base : – It is a collection of data with organized manner with some specific purpose. Eg – dictionary, telephone directory(but book is not a database)

Management – Management in a data base involves operations such as : -1. inserting data2. deleting3. updating existing data4. retrieve queries etc. : 

Management – Management in a data base involves operations such as : -1. inserting data2. deleting3. updating existing data4. retrieve queries etc.

Dbms :- It is a software package which helps in maintaining the data base. : 

Dbms :- It is a software package which helps in maintaining the data base.

Draw back – You can not link 2 tables. : 

Draw back – You can not link 2 tables. Slno Name Class Rollno Total Marks 1 2 3 4 5

RDBMS – Relational database management system. Eg – oracle. : 

RDBMS – Relational database management system. Eg – oracle.

Language : - The way of communicating with computer is a computer language. Its done by using certain words, symbols, grammar rules called syntax. In a language the user has to focus in a word ‘how’. : 

Language : - The way of communicating with computer is a computer language. Its done by using certain words, symbols, grammar rules called syntax. In a language the user has to focus in a word ‘how’.

Package :– A package is a readymade set of program designed for a particular purpose. It provides us a particular environment where the user has to work with the readymade tools (commands) provided by the package.Behind every package, there is a standard language. : 

Package :– A package is a readymade set of program designed for a particular purpose. It provides us a particular environment where the user has to work with the readymade tools (commands) provided by the package.Behind every package, there is a standard language.

Dbms packages :- : 

Dbms packages :- Dbase II dbase III Dbase IV Fox base Foxpro Spreadsheet Excel Foxpro, excel is popular one

RDBMS Packages :- : 

RDBMS Packages :- Oracle Ms Access Sybase SQL server Parabox ingrem Informix DB2 Oracle & Ms access is popular one

Users of database :- : 

Users of database :- Database administrator (Manager) Application programmer (software engineer, analyst, designer) End user (Normal people)

Database administrator :- DBA has the overall responsibility to control the database. He controls, maintains, and managers the overall structure of the database. He is responsible for designing the local and physical structure of the DBMS. He assigns and allocates resources and information to individual end user deriving the efficiency of the organization is the responsibility of DBA. The DBA has to specify different security restrictions for individual resource to individual end user. : 

Database administrator :- DBA has the overall responsibility to control the database. He controls, maintains, and managers the overall structure of the database. He is responsible for designing the local and physical structure of the DBMS. He assigns and allocates resources and information to individual end user deriving the efficiency of the organization is the responsibility of DBA. The DBA has to specify different security restrictions for individual resource to individual end user.

Application programmer :- Application programmer are software professionals who are being appointed by DBA to develop and maintain the database. The application programmer consists of 2 category of people. : 

Application programmer :- Application programmer are software professionals who are being appointed by DBA to develop and maintain the database. The application programmer consists of 2 category of people. Analyst Designer

Analyst : - The analyst team first analyze the activity of organization and prepares a report to represent the overall job. After being approved by the DBA, this analyst report is given to the designer team. : 

Analyst : - The analyst team first analyze the activity of organization and prepares a report to represent the overall job. After being approved by the DBA, this analyst report is given to the designer team.

Designer :- They are write the codes, designs and develops the program / software, then they implement it, and serves the maintenance. : 

Designer :- They are write the codes, designs and develops the program / software, then they implement it, and serves the maintenance.

End user :- End user are the actual users who uses the database. The database is actually designed to facilitate these people. These people are not computer literate or having little idea about computer. So it is the responsibility of the application programmer to design the software in such a way that makes the job easier for user. : 

End user :- End user are the actual users who uses the database. The database is actually designed to facilitate these people. These people are not computer literate or having little idea about computer. So it is the responsibility of the application programmer to design the software in such a way that makes the job easier for user.

Data base Model : 

Data base Model Hierarchical Model Network Model Relational Model Object Oriented Model

Hierarchical Model :- In a hierarchical model the data and records are arranged as a parent child relationship like a tree structure. : 

Hierarchical Model :- In a hierarchical model the data and records are arranged as a parent child relationship like a tree structure. BCA Dbms Oracle

Network Model :- It deals with one to many and many to many relationships. The model don’t have a specific structure. Any record can linked with the other. : 

Network Model :- It deals with one to many and many to many relationships. The model don’t have a specific structure. Any record can linked with the other. BCA Dbms Oracle MBA PGDCA ACT RMIT RICMS

Relational Model :-In a relational model the data represented as a row-column format called a table. In a relational model the database representation is much more simpler. There is no ordering of records. This has become one of the popular database model in database industry. : 

Relational Model :-In a relational model the data represented as a row-column format called a table. In a relational model the database representation is much more simpler. There is no ordering of records. This has become one of the popular database model in database industry.

Object Oriented Model :- In object oriented database individual records are treated as a object and appropriate classes are designed to represent the object. An object has 2 types of members. i) data ii) function. : 

Object Oriented Model :- In object oriented database individual records are treated as a object and appropriate classes are designed to represent the object. An object has 2 types of members. i) data ii) function. Roll Name Address Insert() Delete() Update()

Architecture of dbms : 

Architecture of dbms Internal Schema Conceptual Schema External Schema * Schema Means some rules and regulation to specify the structure of d/b.

Slide 24: 

User1 User2 User3 User4 User5 External Schema Conceptual Schema Internal Schema Data base Data Structure Data Model Location Interpreter - Architecture of dbms -

Internal Schema : 

Internal Schema The internal schema specifies the data structure of the actual data which is stored in the d/b/

Conceptual Schema : 

Conceptual Schema This defines the location to represent the data in the d/b

External Schema : 

External Schema It is the interpreter which receives high level language or 4GL(4th generation language)from the user and converts it in coded form. It is a interpreter between the user and database.

Oracle : 

Oracle It is a RDBMS Package supplied by Oracle Corporation of California in the year 1996. It supports client server technology.

Tool of Oracle : 

Tool of Oracle Oracle has different types of tools like : SQL (Structured Query Language) Oracle Forms (Form designer) Oracle reports (Report Builder) Oracle graphics (Graphical representation)

Products of Oracle : 

Products of Oracle SQL PL/SQL Developer 2000(D2k)

SQL : 

SQL It is one of the strong language which helps to maintain the data of the industries easily. It automatically locks and unlocks the data of the database.

Slide 32: 

PL/SQL It is another language which helps to the programmers to design the database and manipulate the database by using different functions.

Slide 33: 

D2K It is a front end package thorugh which we can design the data entry application forms for the end users. It has different parts like form, report, graphics etc

Slide 34: 

Data Types There are different types of data types used in oracle like : Number Char Varchar/Varchar2 Date Long Longrow

Number : - It can store up to 38 degits. : 

Number : - It can store up to 38 degits.

Char : - It can store up to 256 Characters with fixed length. : 

Char : - It can store up to 256 Characters with fixed length.

Varchar/Varchar2 : - It can store upto 256 Characters with variable length. : 

Varchar/Varchar2 : - It can store upto 256 Characters with variable length.

Date : - It supports upto 8 degits. Format is dd-mm-yy. : 

Date : - It supports upto 8 degits. Format is dd-mm-yy.

Long : - It supports upto 65535 characters. : 

Long : - It supports upto 65535 characters.

Longrow : - It supports upto 2gb with binary data types. : 

Longrow : - It supports upto 2gb with binary data types.

Tabel Naming Procedure : 

Tabel Naming Procedure All the names must be a unique name. The table name starts with alphabets. Maximum column is 256.

Column naming procedure : : 

Column naming procedure : Each column starts with charactes. That should not be a reserve word. Special characters like #,_ are allowed. Each column name must be with in 30 characters long. That must be a unique name.