Assessing Planning Evaluating Health Promotion Nee

Assessing, Planning, & Evaluating  Health Promotion Needs: 

Assessing, Planning, & Evaluating Health Promotion Needs By Dr. Deryck D. Pattron, Ph.D Public Health & Safety Consultant All Rights Reserved © 2008 Dr Deryck D. Pattron

WHO Alma Ata Declaration, 1978 & WHO, 1985: 

WHO Alma Ata Declaration, 1978 & WHO, 1985 Recognition of the right of individuals, groups or communities to participate in defining health needs and health care for all

WHY ASSESSEMENT OF HEALTH NEEDS?: 

WHY ASSESSEMENT OF HEALTH NEEDS? To identify determinants of health that need improvement To choose targeted groups or communities that are in most need of interventions To choose targeted groups to become more healthy

HEALTH NEEDS?: 

HEALTH NEEDS? The concept of need is widely used, but not well understood A need may simply be a want or desire for something A need can be: Subjective-opinion of a professional and the practicality of the need Objective-universal concept that is a fundamental right

UNIVERSAL NEEDS: 

UNIVERSAL NEEDS All human needs are health needs (Maslow, 1954) Maslow stated that for a person to be self-actualized, physical, social and emotional needs must be met

MASLOW’S HIERACHY OF NEEDS: 

MASLOW’S HIERACHY OF NEEDS

TYPES OF HEALTH & SOCIAL NEEDS: 

TYPES OF HEALTH & SOCIAL NEEDS Normative needs-defined by opinions of professionals set against some criteria Felt needs-defined as what people really want Expressed needs-defined as felt needs that become a demand Comparative needs-defined as needs identified based on comparison of some similar individual or group

COMMUNITY PROFILING (Hawton et al.,1994): 

COMMUNITY PROFILING (Hawton et al.,1994) A systematic objective assessment of: Needs of a community Resources within the community Active involvement of the community Development of an action plan Improving the equality of life in the community

MAIN ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY PROFILE: 

MAIN ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY PROFILE Composition of community Socio-economic environment Health & social services provision Local programmes and strategies for health

RAPID APPRAISAL: 

RAPID APPRAISAL Defined as a fast method of gaining qualitative information about the health needs of a community It involves a three step approach: (1) Collecting data from documented sources (2) Obtaining information from informants or community leaders on health issues (3) Evaluating data collected, providing feedback and identifying gaps that still exist

CRITERIA FOR SETTING KEY HEALTH PRIORIOTIES: 

CRITERIA FOR SETTING KEY HEALTH PRIORIOTIES Answerability and ethics Worth and helpfulness Deliverability, affordability and sustainability Maximum potential for disease burden reduction Equity in disease reduction

PLANNING FOR HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTIONS: 

PLANNING FOR HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTIONS

DEFINITIONS: 

DEFINITIONS Plan-how to get from idea to action in achieving what you want Strategy-framework for action Policy-guidelines for practice Programme-overall outline for action Priority-urgent consideration Aim or goal-statement of what is to be achieved Objective or target-specific goal to be achieved

RATIONAL PLANNING: 

RATIONAL PLANNING

STAGES IN DEVELOPING A STRATEGY: 

STAGES IN DEVELOPING A STRATEGY

PROJECT PLANNINGEwles & Simnett, 1999: 

PROJECT PLANNING Ewles & Simnett, 1999

PLANNING MODELS: 

PLANNING MODELS

QUALITY & AUDIT: 

QUALITY & AUDIT

EVALUATION IN HEALTH PROMOTION: 

EVALUATION IN HEALTH PROMOTION

DEFINITION: 

DEFINITION Evaluation-is a process of assessing results to determine whether the objectives have been met and to get feedback

CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE WORTH OF HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTION: 

CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING THE WORTH OF HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTION Effectiveness Appropriateness Acceptability Efficiency Equity

EVALUATING RESEARCH: 

EVALUATING RESEARCH Originality Problem definition Literature review Methodology Presentation Data analysis Scientific importance Implications of study Bibliography/references

TYPES OF EVALUATION: 

TYPES OF EVALUATION Process Assessing the process of programme implementation Appropriateness and equality of a health promotion intervention Impact Assessing attitudinal shifts Outcome Assessing long term effects such as lifestyle changes

GUIDELINES FOR GOOD PRACTICES IN EVALUATION: 

GUIDELINES FOR GOOD PRACTICES IN EVALUATION Evaluate early, impartially and without prejudice Evaluate only when it is appropriate Publish results of evaluation widely Evaluate only when scientific validity and reliability exist

CHALLENGES OF HEALTH PROMOTION EVALUATION: 

CHALLENGES OF HEALTH PROMOTION EVALUATION Deciding what to measure Deciding if the outcomes are due to the health promotion inputs Deciding when to evaluate Deciding on what constitutes success Deciding on whether the evaluation is worth the effort

CONCLUSION: 

CONCLUSION Assessment of health promotion seeks to identify determinants of health that need improvement There are four categories of human needs that should be taken into consideration when planning; normative, felt, expressed, comparative Evaluation serves to determine whether the objectives of health promotion has been met in satisfying needs Criteria for health promotion include: effectiveness, appropriateness, acceptability, efficiency and equity Types of evaluation include: process, impact and outcome Impact and outcome evaluation types tend to be used in studying the effects of health promotion; attitudinal and lifestyle changes

REFERENCES: 

REFERENCES Doyal L, Gough I 1992 A theory of human need. Macmillian, London Ewles L, Simnett I 1999 Promoting health: a practical guide, 4th edn. BailliereTindall, Edinburgh Hawton M, Percy-Smith J, Hughes G 1994 Community profiling: auditing social needs. Open University, Buckingham Naidoo J, Wills J 2000 Health Promotion, 2nd edn. Bailliere Tindall, Edinburgh WHO 1981 Health Programme evaluation: guiding principles. WHO, Geneva

Slide28: 

THANK YOU The End