Legal Aspects Environmental Pollution_ D

Legislative Aspects Of Environmental Health : 

Legislative Aspects Of Environmental Health Dr Nihar Ranjan Ray Dr Rajnikant Patel Indian Institute Of Public health, Gandhinagar

Objective of the Discussion : 

Objective of the Discussion Important Environmental Laws in the country legal and institutional framework to check pollution in the country Sources of water pollution and wastewater generation scenario Steps taken to control vehicular pollution control of noise pollution 3/20/2009 2

Important Environmental Laws in the country : 

Important Environmental Laws in the country Water Act (Prevention and Control of Pollution) , 1974;  Air Act (Prevention and Control of Pollution) , 1981,  Cess Act, 1977,  Environment Act (Protection) , 1986 and  Rules there under  Public Liability  Insurance Act,  1981,   National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995  National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997 3/20/2009 3

Laws enforced by of the Pollution Control Boards : 

Laws enforced by of the Pollution Control Boards Hazardous Waste Rules (Management & Handling) 1989. Manufacture, storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989  Bio-medical Waste Rules (Management & Handling), 1998  Municipal Solid Waste Rules (Management & Handling), 2000.  Plastics wastes Rules, 1999 Coastal Regulation Zone Rules, 1991  Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 3/20/2009 4 Environmental & Occupational Health http://wmc.nic.in/chapter1-legal-aspects.asp

legal and institutional framework to check pollution in the country? : 

legal and institutional framework to check pollution in the country? The Central Ground Water Authority Aqua Culture Authority,  Dahanu Taluka Environment (Protection) Authority,  Environment Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority for National Capital Region of Delhi, Loss of Ecology (Prevention and Payment of Compensation) Authority for State of Tamil Nadu. National Environment Appellate Authority,1997 3/20/2009 5

Sources of water pollution and wastewater generation scenario : 

Sources of water pollution and wastewater generation scenario It is estimated that 75% to 80% of water pollution by volume is caused by domestic sewage. The major industries causing water pollution include: distilleries, sugar, textile, electroplating, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, pulp & paper mills, tanneries, dyes and dye intermediates, petro-chemicals, steel plants etc. Non-point sources such as fertilizer and pesticide run-offs in rural areas also cause pollution. Only 60% of chemical fertilizers are utilized in soils and the balance is leached into soil polluting the ground water. 3/20/2009 6

Case Study - The Ganga : 

Case Study - The Ganga Exploitation: due to rapid progress in communications and commerce The principal sources of pollution of the Ganga river can be characterized as follows: • Domestic and industrial wastes. Solid garbage thrown directly into the river. Non-point sources of pollution from agricultural run-off containing residues of harmful pesticides and fertilizers. Animal carcasses and half-burned and unburned human corpses thrown into the river. Defecation on the banks by the low-income people. Mass bathing and ritualistic practices 3/20/2009 7

The Contributors Of the Water Pollution in India : 

The Contributors Of the Water Pollution in India 75 per cent of the pollution load was from untreated municipal sewage. 88 per cent of the municipal sewage was from the 25 Class I towns on the main river. Only a few of these cities had sewage treatment facilities (these were very inadequate and were often not functional). All the industries accounted for only 25 per cent of the total pollution (in some areas, such as Calcutta and Kanpur, the industrial waste was very toxic and hard to treat). 3/20/2009 8

Implementation problems : 

Implementation problems 25 towns and crossing three different provinces resource constraints sewage treatment plants (STPs) could not be completed in the original time frame Lessons Learned: attainable by "political will". developing a suitable indigenous technology "cleanliness drive" Other studies of River Pollution 3/20/2009 9

What steps have been taken to control vehicular pollution? : 

What steps have been taken to control vehicular pollution? Emission Standards for Vehicles : under the Central Motor Vehicle Rules 97 is effective from 1.4.2000 for the entire country, required major modifications in the engine designs. 3/20/2009 10

Steps taken to control vehicular pollution : 

Steps taken to control vehicular pollution Establishment of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring throughout India. Notification of Ambient Air Quality Standards under Environment (Protection) Act. Notification of vehicular emission norms Improving fuel quality by phasing out lead from gasoline, reducing diesel sulphur, reducing gasoline benzene, and etc.  Introduction of alternate fuelled vehicles like CNG/LPG. Improvement of public transport system. 3/20/2009 11

What are the measures for control of noise pollution? : 

What are the measures for control of noise pollution? Ambient standards for different categories of areas (residential, commercial, industrial) and silence zones have been notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Noise limits have been prescribed for automobiles, domestic appliances and construction equipment at the manufacturing stage. Standards have been evolved and notified for the gene sets, fire crackers and coal mines. Regulatory agencies have been directed to enforce the standards for control and regulate noise pollution. 3/20/2009 12

Some Headlines for You….. : 

Some Headlines for You….. EU adopts safe hydrogen car proposal 'No car zone' for a day- Ahmedabad, Pune Switzerland has been charging for seven years Tax concessions for eco-friendly vehicles- Srilanka China suspended some heavy industry for Olympic Games 3/20/2009 13

Thank you : 

Thank you 3/20/2009 14