CESTODES tomorrow

drnaseelsalim

Download

Post to :

URL :

Related Presentations :

Add to Flag Embed

Views: 189

Category: Entertainment

Presentation Description

No description available.

Comments

Presentation Transcript

CESTODES:

CESTODES TAPE WORMS

Slide 2:

Cestodes are segmented , dorsoventrally compressed and resemble a measuring tape Three parts Scolex Neck Strobila

Classification :

Classification Pseudophyllidea Diphyllobothrium latum Cyclophyllidea Taenia solium Taenia saginata Echinococcus granulosus Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis dimenuta Dipylidium caninum

Diphyllobothrium latum:

Diphyllobothrium latum B road or fish tapeworm, or broad fish tapeworm is native to Scandinavia, western Russia, and the Baltics,

Morphology :

Morphology Adult worm : longest tapeworm in man 10 meter / 3000 proglottids Scolex : 2-3 mm length and 1mm breadth two slit like grooves ( bothria ) Neck :portion immediately behind the scolex Strobila : immature, mature and gravid segments

Slide 6:

Larval stages: first stage : coracidium : in water second stage : procercoid : cyclops third stage: plerocercoid :fish

Slide 7:

Defenitive host :man , dogs , cats

Slide 8:

Egg : bile stained operculated small knob at other end not float in saturated salt solution

Clinical symptoms:

Clinical symptoms diphyllobothriasis diarrhea , abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss, fatigue, constipation and discomfort. [8 ] severe vitamin B 12 deficiency megaloblastic anemia

Diagnosis :

Diagnosis identifying proglottid segments, characteristic eggs in the feces

Treatment:

Treatment single dose of Praziquantel , 5–10 mg/kg PO once for both adults and children . An alternative treatment is Niclosamide , 2 g PO once for adults or 50 mg/kg PO once .

Prophylaxis :

Prophylaxis Proper cooking of fish Prevention of faecal contamination of natural waters

Taenia saginata :

Taenia saginata the beef tapeworm 4 m to 10 m in length 3 parts scolex : 4 suckers neck : strobila :1000to 2000 proglottids

Taenia solium:

Taenia solium pork tapeworm 2-3 meter scolex : globular four suckers rostellum with double raw of hooklets neck : Strobila :800/900 segments proglottids

Slide 17:

Eggs : spherical bile stained an oncosphere 3 pair of hooklets does not float on saturated salt sln infective only to cattle

Mode of infection:

Mode of infection Ingestion of under cooked meat of Pork containing cysticercus cellulosae Beaf containing cysticercous bovis

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis E xamination of feces : eggs and proglottids Cysticercosis x ray are used to identify calcified larvae in the subcutaneous and muscle tissue CT scan and MRI are used to find lesions in the brain.

Treatment:

Treatment Praziquintel Surgical intervention may be necessary to treat CNS lesions. Albendazole appears to be more effective and a safe drug for Neurocysticercosis

Prevention and control:

Prevention and control not eating under-cooked pork/ beaf high level of personal hygiene

Echinococcus granulosus:

Echinococcus granulosus Hydatid worm or Hyper Tape-worm Adult worm: 3 to 6 mm scolex : neck : strobila :immature mature gravid

Slide 25:

Egg :ovoid hexacanth embryo 3 pairs of hooklets indstinguishable from taenia

Slide 26:

Larval form hydatid cyst outer layer ectocyst tough, acellular , hyaline membrane White of bioled egg inner/germinal endocyst give rise to ectocyst , brood capsules , scolices , and dauter cyst

Slide 27:

Hyadatid sand : when the embryo break free from the membrane and float in the fluid, brood capsules,free scolices ,loose hooklets Hyadatid fluid : clear , colorless low specific gravity 1.005 to 1.010 acidic pH 6.7 contain NaCl , Na 2 So 4 ,Sodium phosphate, calcium salts of succinic acid antigenic { casoni’s test }

Life cycle :

Life cycle

Slide 29:

Definitive host : dog ,wolf ,fox and jackal Intermediate host : sheep , pig ,cattle ,goat , and man

Mode of infection :

Mode of infection Direct contact with infected dogs. Feeding dogs from same dish. Uncooked vegetables contaminated with infected animal faeces .

Lab diagnosis :

Lab diagnosis casoni’test Blood RE : eosinophilia Serology : ELISA , COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST(CFT) INDIRECT HEAMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY(IHA) LATEX AGGLUTINATION ASSAY X ray CT HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION

Casoni’ test :

Casoni ’ test 0.2 ml fluid id A positive measures 5 cm wheal

Treatment :

Treatment Praziquintel and albendazole Surgical intervention

Prophylaxis :

Prophylaxis Not allowing dogs to eat carcasses of slaughtered animals endemic areas Improving personal hygiene

Echinococcus multilocularis :

Echinococcus multilocularis Alveolar echinococcosis Multi locular infiltrating lesion appears like grossly invasive growth similar to malignant tumour Affects liver Can metastasize to other body parts Surgical removal is the best treatment

Hymenolepis nana :

Hymenolepis nana Dwarf tapeworm found throughout the world Smallest tapeworm infecting humans Hymeno lepis :thin membrane covering the egg. Nanus : small

Morphology:

Morphology 40 mm long and 1 mm wide . The scolex bears a retractable rostellum armed with a single circle of 20 to 30 hooks. The scolex also has four suckers

Slide 38:

Infection acquired most commonly from eggs in the feces , which are transferred in food, by contaminated fingers, or in sewage-contaminated drinking water . the only cestode that does not require an intermediate host to develop into its infective stage.

Clinical Manifestations:

Clinical Manifestations enteritis, abdominal pain , diarrhoea, loss of appetite, restlessness, irritability , restless sleep, anal and nasal pruritus, vomiting, nausea, bloody diarrhea , hives, extremity pain, headache, dizziness and behavioral disturbances . Occasionally epileptic seizuresoccur in infected children.