Modern Diagnostic Technique used in Vete

Modern Diagnostic Technique used in Veterinary Practice : 

Modern Diagnostic Technique used in Veterinary Practice PRESENTED BY DR. DHIREN B. BHOI M. V. Sc. VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCI. & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND

Traditional Diagnostic Techniques : 

Traditional Diagnostic Techniques Routine Examination History Taking Examination of patient Inspection General clinical Examination Temp, Respiration, pulse Physical Examination Palpation, percussion, Auscultation. Regional clinical Examination 5. Laboratory Techniques - Examination of Blood, urine, faecal, milk, Rumen fluid, Cerbro-spinal fluid, Skin scrapping examination. - Liver function, kidney function tests. - Serological tests.

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Modern diagnostic Techniques used in Veterinary practice Radiography Fluoroscopy C T Scan MRI Scan Scintigraphy Ultrasonography

Modern Diagnostic Techniques used in Veterinary Practice : 

Modern Diagnostic Techniques used in Veterinary Practice Radiography Fluoroscopy C T Scan MRI Scan Scintigraphy Ultrasonography Endoscopy

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Definition History Indication Principle Advantages Disadvantages

Radiography (X-Ray) : 

Radiography (X-Ray) Definition Radiograph- X-rays interacts body tissues some degree of absorption in exposed tissue, photographic record of extent of penetrability of x-rays through exposed tissue parts c/s Radiograph or ROENTGENOGRAM OR SKIAGARM. X-Ray Special type of electromagnetic radiation, high energy, extremely short wavelength , no mass or charge & travels at the speed light.

History : 

History 1887 – Nikola Tesla, investigated X-rays 1895 -Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, discovered of the first x-ray 1896 - H.L. Smith ,x-ray machine formally displayed 1901 - W.C. Roentgen Won a noble prize in Physics for discovery of X- rays

Indications : 

Indications Diagnostic aid Techniques of treatment eg. Hind limb, forelimb, vertebral fracture repair, proper bone plating, pinning of fracture repair. Detect unrecognized lesion eg. D.H, TRP, Calculi of urinary bladder, & mummified, macerated fetus, retained products after termination in pregnant animals. To screen normal animals for morphological evaluation Examine postmortem material Determine the age of animals For non-destructive examination of archaeological specimens of animal origin. As teaching tool in the subject of anatomy In Veterinary Science research eg. Osteomedullary to evaluate bone healing.

Principle : 

Principle X-ray tube consisting vacuum glass bulb, Containing Anode & Cathode kept apart by a small distance. Current is made to flow ,electron travel from filament& strike the target with great force Released energy is mostly converted into heat & 1%converted into light rays including x-rays.

Principle : 

Principle

Contrast Radiography : 

Contrast Radiography Definition Contrast – Difference in density in the various parts of the radiograph. Contrast Media Good contrast can be obtained with the use of Radio-opaque substance in the organ to outlined called C.M. Different types C.M. Which is used to depend upon part of radiograph. Positive C.M - Barium Sulphate (Orally, enema) - Iodine Containing fluids (I/V) 2. Negative C.M - Room Air, carbon dioxide, oxygen. An ideal- inert, quickly dissolved in the body fluid & quickly eliminated from the body

C.M. used depend on system : 

C.M. used depend on system Digestive Tract Barium Sulphate commonly used. Route -orally (Paste) for intestine & esophagus. Enema given with Bardex catheter for Rectum & colon. Urinary Tract Iodine containing fluids used. Route- I/V or injected through urethra. Renal pelvis & Ureter Radiograph –Pyelogram Urinary bladder Radiograph – Pneumocystogram Abdominal Viscera Route- Air injected into peritoneal cavity with proper aseptic precaution

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Spinal cord (Myleogram) Iodine containing fluid Myodil used Route- Subarchanoid space Blood vessel & heart Pyelosil C.M. used Route- I/V injected Radiograph blood vessel- Angiography Radiograph Heart –Angiocardiography

Advantages Contrast Radiography : 

Advantages Contrast Radiography Structure or organs can be evaluated more effectively, size, shape, position. Valuable information gained regarding serosal & mucosal surface of hollow organ& their content ,not apparent on plain radiograph. Idea of the function of the organ.

Disadvantages of contrast radiography : 

Disadvantages of contrast radiography More allergic reaction of C.M as compare of other modern diagnostic techniques. More radiation exposure. More time consumable. Pregnant animal & person under 18 yr age should not involved in radiographic technique.

X-ray Machine : 

X-ray Machine

Plain Radiograph : 

Plain Radiograph

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This is first radiograph of the hand of Roentgens wife.

Plain Radiograph of Tibia & Fibula fracture : 

Plain Radiograph of Tibia & Fibula fracture

Radiographic findings : 

Radiographic findings Circumscribed radio opaque calculus in the bladder

Positive Contrast Barium meal : 

Positive Contrast Barium meal

Foreign body fecal matter : 

Foreign body fecal matter

Negative Contrast : 

Negative Contrast

Myleogram : 

Myleogram

Pneumocystogram (Hernia of urinary bladder) : 

Pneumocystogram (Hernia of urinary bladder)

Plain & Contrast Radiograph : 

Plain & Contrast Radiograph