ULTRASONOGRAPHY :ULTRASONOGRAPHY PRESENTED BY DR. DHIREN B. BHOI M. V. Sc. VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCI. & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND


Ultrasonography :Ultrasonography


Definition :Definition Ultrasonography is study of internal organs or blood vessel using high frequency sound waves, the actual test called ultrasound scan or sonogram. Ultrasound as sound waves of frequencies greater than audible to human ear i.e. greater than 20,000Hz. Frequencies between 1 to 10 MHz are mainly used for the purpose of diagnostic ultrasound. Several types of ultrasound which is used in diagnosing specific parts of the body


Historical Introduction :Historical Introduction 1876 Sir Francis Galton : 1st ultrasound instrument developed in dog 1880 Jacques & Pierre : discovery of piezoelectric effect (mechanical electric) 1881 Curies : reverse piezoelectric effect for Industrial applications 1940 Ultrasonic energy was 1st applied in human body for medical purpose. 1954 Medical application of ultrasound.


Indications :Indications Use in detecting abnormalities of heart, uterus, pancreas, urinary bladder, liver, stomach, kidney, eye & teeth. Most commonly use in obstetric sonography to confirm intrauterine & exclude ectopic pregnancy, fetal sex determination, viable fetus, missed abortion, retained products after termination, evaluate anomalies, Guided amniocentesis, choroinic vilius biopsy, intrauterine fetal transfusion. In case of abdominal sonography check tumor, clotting status before intra-abdominal biopsy, diagnose the diaphragmatic hernias, chloecystitis, intussuception ,gall stone, bile duct obstruction, cirrhosis, speelnlomegaly, & pancreatic abscess. Also detected Neural tube defects.


Slide 6:Sonography of urinary tract detect renal abnormalities, tumor, urinary calculi of urinary bladder, morphology of kidney & lithotripsy. Transrectal sonography useful to diagnose the prostatic malignant diseases. Useful in Echocardiography& congenital heart defect. Ultrasound also used to clean teeth in dental hygiene. Ocular sonography used evaluation of internal ocular structures. Also useful in cataract treatment, Retrobulbar abnormalities which may be difficult to detect radiographically but easily identified sonographically.


Slide 7:A sound waves travels in a pulse & when it is reflected back it becomes an echo. The pulse-echo principle is used for ultrasound imaging. A pulse generated by one or more piezoelectric crystals in an ultrasound probe or transducer. Ultrasound probe crystal is shocked by single extremely short pulse of electricity to vibrate at a frequency determined by its thickness. Once echo are converted into electrical signals, these are processed & transformed into a visual display of the measure of the amplitude of the echo this is echo quantification. The transducer picks up the return echo & record any changes in the pitch or direction of the sound, the image is immediately visible on the screen. Principle


Principle :Principle


Color Doppler Image :Color Doppler Image Powerful non-invasive tool. CDI can see the structure in different colors. Two dimensional echo. CDI was introduced in the middle 1980. Geoff Stevenson given first demonstration of Color Doppler. Its use has since expands to whole body vascular evaluation & the color coded blood flow display map. Diagnose disease in almost every part of body where acoustic access is possible Color doppler application include echocardiography, peripheral vascular disease detection of arterial stenosis, venous thrombosis, venous blood flow pattern, & development of aneurysms. In evaluation of blood flow to critical organ It also shows flow characteristics in portal hepatic veins artery & renal artery stenosis The technique provides non-invasive imaging of blood flow based on doppler frequency shifts resulting from moving blood cells in vessel in the ultrasound


Ultrasonography :Ultrasonography Advantages Many advantages over conventional radiography No ionizing radiation Safe in pregnancy No known side effect Cheap, portable machine Minimum preparation of patient Painless, noninvasive Direct vision for biopsy Disadvantages Sonographer should be expert in diagnosis of pregnant animals. Performing & interpreting the examination can be extremely difficult.


Portable Ultrasound machine :Portable Ultrasound machine


Ultrasonography Machine :Ultrasonography Machine


Types of Probe :Types of Probe


PVC Pipe Fitted Around 7.5 MHz Transducer with Electrical Tape :PVC Pipe Fitted Around 7.5 MHz Transducer with Electrical Tape


Slide 15:ULTRASOUND PROBES FOR COWS


Slide 16:PLACEMENT OF PROBE


Slide 17:EMBRYO 25-30 DAYS


Slide 18:EMBRYO 25 DAYS


Day 12 of Estrous Cycle12 mm Follicle :Day 12 of Estrous Cycle12 mm Follicle Ovary Follicle Picture courtesy of Dr. Joel Yelich, Univ. Florida


Ovary With Corpus Luteum :Ovary With Corpus Luteum CL Picture courtesy of Dr. Joel Yelich, Univ. Florida


Slide 21:EMBRYO 37 DAYS


Slide 22:FETUS 55 DAYS


Ultrasonography in dog :Ultrasonography in dog


Slide 24: EMBRYO 18 DAYS EMBRYO 22-24 DAYS


Ultrasonography in cat :Ultrasonography in cat


Swine Ultrasound Through Rotation of Probe Across the Reproductive Tract :Swine Ultrasound Through Rotation of Probe Across the Reproductive Tract


UltrasoundSwine - Position Lubricated Probe on BellyDirected at a 45o Angle Toward Spine :UltrasoundSwine - Position Lubricated Probe on BellyDirected at a 45o Angle Toward Spine


Ovary with Follicles :Ovary with Follicles Follicle Picture courtesy Dr. Neil Schrick


Day 18 Pregnancy :Day 18 Pregnancy Allantoic Fluid Embryo Endometrium Picture courtesy Dr. Neil Schrick


Day 40 - Pregnancy :Day 40 - Pregnancy Live Embryo Dead Embryo Picture courtesy Dr. Neil Schrick


Ultrasonography in snake :Ultrasonography in snake


Ocular Sonography :Ocular Sonography


CDI of Kidney & Thyroid :CDI of Kidney & Thyroid


Color Doppler Image of Liver :Color Doppler Image of Liver


CDI of carotid artery :CDI of carotid artery


Endometrial polyp. :Endometrial polyp.


Ultrasonic scaler used dental Hygiene :Ultrasonic scaler used dental Hygiene