Endoscopy-By; Dr. Dhiren B. Bhoi

Slide 1: 

ENDOSCOPY PRESENTED BY DR. DHIREN B. BHOI M. V. Sc. VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCI. & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANAND

Definition : 

Definition Endoscopy Greek Word “Endo”means “Inside” “Skopeein ”means “To See” Means the ability to look inside the body using a variety of very small cameras attached to either a flexible or rigid tube. Direct viewing interior of an organ is often very helpful in determining the cause of a problem & helpful in establishing a diagnosis. Endoscopy exceptionally valuable tool for the diagnosis of many small animal gastrointestinal disorders.

History : 

History 1806 Philp Bozzini developed first kind endoscope, examination of canals & cavities of human body. 1822 William Beaumont ,first introduced into human being. Jacobeus, developed endoscopic exploration, 1910 – Thoracoscopy, 1912 - Laparoscopy 1937 Hope reported laparoscopy to diagnose ectopic pregnancy. 1944 Raoul Palmer performed gynecological laparoscopy 1984 first laparoscopic cholecsytectomy performed 1987 first video-laparoscopic cholecystectmoy.

Slide 4: 

Kelling in 1902 – 1st reported cystoscopy in dogs & later was know as “father of veterinary laparoscopy”. Lettow in 1960 performed laparoscopy in dogs involving ovarian function studies & in 1972 1st laparoscopic liver biopsy procedure in dog.

Slide 5: 

HISTORY OF ENDOSCOPY . FIRST ENDOSCOPE by Philip Bozzini 1806

Slide 6: 

Fiber-optic Endoscopy was pioneered by the south African born physician Basil Hirschowitz at the University of Michigan began in the 1957. Introduction of video computer chip projection of the image 1986

Indications : 

Indications Role of evaluation gastrointestinal motility disorders, gastric adenocarcinoma, remove foreign bodies, submucosal lesion, duodenal or colonic abnormalities, stomach ulcers &colon polyps. Perform therapeutic procedures esophageal stricture dilation. Enabling visual examination of mucosal surface, ability to mucosal biopsy for histopathological examination or fluid aspiration for analysis. Used Placement of gastrotomy tube in stomach.

Types of Endoscopy : 

Types of Endoscopy

Slide 9: 

Types of Endo Cont…… Endoscopic equipment visualize & collect specimen Esophagus, stomach & duodenum (Esophagogasrtodudenoscopy) Small intestine (Enteroscopy) Colon (Colonoscopy) Sigmoid colon (proctosigmoidscopy) Bile duct (Choleangiopancreatoscopy) Cervix (Colposcopy) Uterus (Hysteroscopy) Fallopian tubes (falloscopy) Fetus (Fetoscopy)

Principle : 

Principle Endoscopy minimally invasive diagnostic medical procedure used to evaluate interior surface of an organ. Endoscope may have rigid or flexible tube inserted into body. It has ability to looking inside the body using a variety of very small cameras attached to flexible or rigid tube. It facilitates direct viewing the interior of an organ is often very helpful in determining the cause of a problem. Fiberoptic endoscope basic three parts are Insertion tube, Hand piece & Umbilical cord. Video endoscopy performed by attaching a specialized video endoscope that has built in microchip camera at the insertion tube, setup image is viewed on a video monitor.

Slide 11: 

FIBERSCOPES SYSTEM

Slide 12: 

Distal tip of insertion tube

Endoscope System : 

Endoscope System Rigid endoscope Flexible endoscope

Slide 14: 

FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPES FIBERSCOPES VIDEO ENDOSCOPE

Complete Endoscope Assembly : 

Complete Endoscope Assembly

Slide 19: 

Materials and Methods Contd….

Advantages : 

Advantages Diagnostic as well as therapeutics solution. Minimum stress & mortality. Less traumatic surgery than std surgery. Faster recovery . Amount & duration of anesthesia much less than as compare to std surgical procedure. Minimal suture used, hence less body reaction. Less adhesion after surgery. Can detect gastric parasite otherwise difficult to find. Also used to place long term feeding tubes into the stomachs of animals that cant eat. “According to an old adage in medicine-If you don’t look for it ,you will never diagnose it”.

Disadvantages : 

Disadvantages Requires expensive, flexible equipment,& specialized O.T setup. Biopsies usually adequate but not as good as full thick- ness. Cannot examine entire intestinal tract; lesion may be beyond reach of scope. Cannot determine if an ulcer is going to rupture or bleed. There are few chances herniation of abdominal contents after laparoscopy. Always possibility of introduction unsertilized instrument into the body Inexpert handling of the endoscope may lead to punctured organ with variable effects.

Slide 22: 

PATIENT PREPARATION ANESTHESIA PATIENT POSITIONING

Insertion of Endoscopy : 

Insertion of Endoscopy

Video Endoscopy : 

Video Endoscopy

Vaginoscopy and Artificial Insemination : 

Vaginoscopy and Artificial Insemination

Slide 27: 

Indications visual examination, organ biopsy, acute or chronic colic, cryptorchidectomy, castration, LAPAROSCOPY

Slide 28: 

Examination of Gastrointestinal Region: Gastric ulcer Erosion: Normal Stomach Chronic Erosive Gastritis

Slide 29: 

Bleeding in Stomach Linear hemorrhage Gastric Polyps Snare Polypectomy

Intestinal intussusception in a pup : 

Intestinal intussusception in a pup

Slide 31: 

Duodenal ulcer Duodenitis Duodenal Affections

Slide 32: 

EXAMINATION OF OESOPHAGUS Normal oesophagus Oesophagitis

Spleen abscess in a dog : 

Spleen abscess in a dog

Slide 34: 

THORACOSCOPY

Slide 35: 

Distending the Joint With Fluid or Gas. Location and Extent of Articular Trauma ARTHROSCOPY

Slide 36: 

It is used to examine & resect the bovine teat, either via the streak canal or with a lateral, single puncture approach. Used for removal of obstruction, neoplasm's, adhesions, polyps, ect. Under visual aid. THELORESECTOSCOPY

Slide 37: 

Cystoscopy / Urethroscopy Urinary calculi Neoplasms Bladder worms Rupture of bladder

Slide 38: 

BIOPSY OF THE ORGANS LIVER BIOPSY

Slide 40: 

View Of The Lower Respiratory Tract Through An Endoscope

Gastric Parasite : 

Gastric Parasite

Removal of foreign body : 

Removal of foreign body

Slide 47: 

Foreign Body Dog’s esophagus with a chicken bone lodged in the lumen.

Slide 48: 

Laparoscopic Castration (Vasectomy)

Laparoscopic Ovarihyserectomy : 

Laparoscopic Ovarihyserectomy

Slide 53: 

Thanking you