CANCER Awarness Presentation2

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CANCER Prevention and Management Presented by Under supervision of Azad Hussain Lone Dr Mohd Anwer P .G.Scholar , Deptt. Of Moalajat Reader, Deptt. Of Moalajat NIUM, Bangalore

INTRODUCTION : 

INTRODUCTION Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a cell, or a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood). These three malignant properties of cancers differentiate them from benign tumors, which are self-limited, and do not invade or metastasize. Most cancers form a tumor but some, like leukemia do not.

CLASSIFICATION : 

CLASSIFICATION Carcinoma : Malignant tumors derived from epithelial cells. This group represents the most common cancers, including the common forms of breast, prostate, lung and colon cancer. Sarcoma: Malignant tumors derived from connective tissue, or mesenchymal cells. Lymphoma and leukemia: Malignancies derived from hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells Germ cell tumor: Tumors derived from totipotent cells. In adults most often found in the testicle and ovary; in fetuses, babies, and young children most often found on the body midline, particularly at the tip of the tailbone; in horses most often found at the poll (base of the skull). Blastic tumor or blastoma: A tumor (usually malignant) which resembles an immature or embryonic tissue. Many of these tumors are most common in children.

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Malignant tumors (cancers) are usually named using -carcinoma, -sarcoma or -blastoma as a suffix, with the Latin or Greek word for the organ of origin as the root. For instance, a cancer of the liver is called hepatocarcinoma a cancer of the fat cells is called liposarcoma. Benign tumors (which are not cancers) are named using -oma as a suffix with the organ name as the root. For instance, a benign tumor of the smooth muscle of the uterus is called leiomyoma

PROBLEM STATEMENT : 

PROBLEM STATEMENT Cancer affects people at all ages with the risk for most types increasing with age. It caused about 13% of all human deaths in 2007    As of 2004 worldwide cancer caused 13% of all deaths (7.4 million). The leading causes were: lung cancer (1.3 million deaths/year), stomach cancer (803,000 deaths), colorectal cancer (639,000 deaths), liver cancer (610,000 deaths), and breast cancer (519,000 deaths).

INDIA : 

INDIA In India, there are approximately 2-2.5 million cases of cancer at any given point of time. Males; 3.9 lakh Females; 4.3 lakh Males; The four most common cancers are mouth, oseophagus, stomach and lower respiratory tract (lungs) Females: Cancer of cervix, breast, mouth and oesophagus are the most frequent

CLINICAL PRESENTATION : 

CLINICAL PRESENTATION Symptoms of cancer metastasis depend on the location of the tumor. Roughly, cancer symptoms can be divided into three groups: Local symptoms: unusual lumps or swelling, bleeding, pain and/or ulceration. Symptoms of metastasis (spreading): enlarged lymph nodes , cough and hemoptysis , hepatomegaly , bone pain, fracture of affected bones and neurological symptoms. Systemic symptoms: weight loss , poor appetite , fatigue and cachexia (wasting), excessive sweating (night sweats ), anemia.

Causes : 

Causes Cancers are primarily an environmental disease with 90-95% of cases due to lifestyle and environmental factors and 5-10% due to genetics. Common environmental factors that lead to cancer death include: tobacco (25-30%), diet and obesity (30-35%), infections (15-20%), radiation, stress, lack of physical activity, environmental pollutants. The virtual absence of cancerous malignancies in ancient human remains suggests that cancer is mainly a man-made disease of the Industrial Age caused by environmental changes and the modern diet.[6]

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Cancer type Cause Scrotal Cancer Soot Skin Cancer Arsenic Lung Cancer Uranium Mining Bladder Cancer Aniline Dye Skin Cancer X-rays Leukemia Filterable Agent

Diagnosis : 

Diagnosis Most cancers are initially recognized either because signs or symptoms appear or through screening. Neither of these lead to a definitive diagnosis, which usually requires the opinion of a pathologist, a type of physician (medical doctor) who specializes in the diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. People with suspected cancer are investigated with medical tests . These commonly include blood tests , X-rays , CT scans MRI and endoscopy. But the definitive diagnosis of most malignancies must be confirmed by histological examination of the cancerous cells by biopsy.

Pathophysiology : 

Pathophysiology

Methods of prevention : 

Methods of prevention Greater than 30% of cancer is preventable via avoiding risk factors including: tobacco overweight or obesity, low fruit and vegetable intake, physical inactivity, alcohol, sexually transmitted infection, air pollution. This can be accomplished by avoiding carcinogensor altering their metabolism pursuing a lifestyle or diet that modifies cancer-causing factors and/or medical intervention (chemoprevention, treatment of pre-malignant lesions).

Cont………… : 

Cont………… Primary prevention Control of tobacco and alcohol consumption Personal hygiene Reduce the exposure to radiation Immunization(Hep B Vac.) Control of air pollution Cancer education Secondary prevention: Registration(Hospital and population based) Earlydetection Treatment

Cancer screening : 

Cancer screening Cancer screening is an attempt to detect unsuspected cancers in an asymptomatic population. Breast cancer screening can be done by breast self-examination and mammography. Colorectal cancer can be detected through fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy. Cervical cancer by Pap smear. Testicular self-examination is recommended for men beginning at the age of 15 years to detect testicular cancer . Prostate cancer can be screened using a digital rectal exam along with prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood testing, Lung cancer; chest c-ray and sputumcytology

Management : 

Management Many management options for cancer exist which are used depends upon the location and grade of the tumor and the stageof the disease, as well as the general state of a person's health. chemotherapy radiation therapy, surgery Immunotherapy monoclonal antibody therapyand other methods.

CA Breast : 

CA Breast 2nd leading cause of death 2nd most common cancer Incidence increases with age All women are at risk Warning signs and symptoms: Painless lump or thickening Thickening or swelling that persist Nipple pain or retraction Breast skin irritation or dimpling Spontaneous discharge

A Good Breast Health Plan : 

A Good Breast Health Plan Mammograms Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) Self Awareness (Monthly Self Exams) (BSE)

Nutrition Guidelines : 

Nutrition Guidelines Eat a variety of healthful foods, with an emphasis on plant sources. Adopt a physically active lifestyle. Maintain a healthful weight throughout life. If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit consumptions.

Breast Cancer Treatments : 

Breast Cancer Treatments Surgery Chemotheraphy Radiation Therapy Hormone Theraphy Immunotherapy

Clinical Features of lung cancers : 

Clinical Features of lung cancers Cough 41% Chest Pain 22% Cough and Pain 15% Coughing Blood 7% Chest Infection <5% Malaise <5% Weight Loss <5% Dyspnoea <5% Hoarseness <5% Distant Spread <5% No symptoms <5%

Clinical featyres of Oral Cancer : 

Clinical featyres of Oral Cancer Oral lesion Oral pain Weight loss Enlarged neck node Bleeding Dysphagia Odynophagia Otalgia Trismus Halitosis Loss of tongue mobility Sensation of foreign body 3 1.0

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THANKS