logging in or signing up oral habits in children dramanmoda Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2821 Category: Others/ Misc License: All Rights Reserved Like it (8) Dislike it (0) Added: September 08, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description There are some habits that develop in children that can cause malocclusion and other effects in the development of oral structures.the ways of prevention and treatment. Comments Posting comment... By: rosygera (9 month(s) ago) ur presenration is a comprehensive review of oral habits. kindly send me a link to download it at dr_rosygera@yahoo.co.in Thanx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bhanugalhotra (10 month(s) ago) plz send me the link for downloading this ppt.....at bhanugalhotra@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ammy4u (13 month(s) ago) please send me the link to download presentation my email id is ammy_foru@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: raghuneha (14 month(s) ago) hi Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sweetu_maitrey (15 month(s) ago) sir i wana download d presentation...my mail s sweetu_maitrey@yahoo.co.in Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript ORAL HABITS IN CHILDREN : ORAL HABITS IN CHILDREN DEFINITIONS : DEFINITIONS Dorland (1957) : fixed or constant practice established by frequent repetition Buttersworth (1961): frequent or constant practice or acquired tendency, which has been fixed by frequent repetition. Mathewson (1982): learned patterns of muscular contraction CLASSIFICATION : CLASSIFICATION OBSESSIVE Intentional or meaningful- nail,lip biting, digit sucking Masochistic or self inflicting- gingival stripping NON-OBSESSIVE Unintentional or empty- abnormal pillowing, chin propping Functional habits- mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, bruxism CLASSIFICATION : William James (1923) Useful habits- for survival of individual Harmful habits- mouth breathing, tongue thrusting Kinglsey (1958) Functional oral habits- mouth breathing Muscular habits-tongue thrusting Combined habit- thumb/ digit sucking Postural habits-chin propping CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION : Morris & Bohanna (1969) Pressure habits- digit sucking Non-pressure habits- mouth breathing Biting habits- nail, lip biting Ernst Klien (1971) Empty habits- unintentional Meaningful habits- intentional/ psychologic cause CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION : Finn (1987) Compulsive Non-compulsive Primary Secondary- digit sucking associated with pulling hair or holding blanket CLASSIFICATION DEVELOPMENT OF HABIT : DEVELOPMENT OF HABIT Newborn- neuromuscular immaturity- develops habit for survival Develops by repetition and learning Impulse transmission- later takes less time- no conscious effort required Five sources of unconscious pattern may lead to habit development Based on two theories- psychosexual and learning THUMB/ DIGIT SUCKING : THUMB/ DIGIT SUCKING THUMB/ DIGIT SUCKING(non-nutritive sucking) : THUMB/ DIGIT SUCKING(non-nutritive sucking) Sucking reflex 29 weeks of I.U. life first coordinated neuromuscular activity of infant psychological and nutritive needs met oral stage of development lasts for 3-3 1/2 years nutritive sucking nonnutritive sucking Classification of Thumb Sucking : Classification of Thumb Sucking Normal Abnormal Psychological Habitual Types (Subtelny, 1973) Type A- 50% Type B- 13-24% Type C- 18% Type D- 6% Clinical Stages in Development : Clinical Stages in Development Phase I- Normal or subclinically significant Phase II- Clinically significant sucking Phase III- Intractable sucking Etiology of Thumb Sucking : Etiology of Thumb Sucking Freudian theory (1905) Learning theory (Davidson, 1967) Oral drive theory (Sears and Wise, 1982) Johnson and Larson (1993) Associated Causative Factors : Associated Causative Factors Parents cooperation Working mother Number of siblings Order of birth of the child Social adjustment and stress Feeding practices Age of the child Variables affecting Thumb Sucking : Variables affecting Thumb Sucking Age Gender Race Pacifier Feeding methods Siblings Parental status Diagnosis of Thumb Sucking : Diagnosis of Thumb Sucking History Interview parents, children separately Frequency, intensity, duration Extraoral examination Digits- callus, clean dishpan thumb Lips- short, hypotonic upper lip; hyperactive lower lip Facial form - mandibular retrusion analysis maxillary protrusion, high mandibular plane angle, profile Other features- secondary habits Slide 17: Intraoral examination Tongue- size, position, action Dentoalveolar- maxillary proclination, structures buccal cross bite, overjet, overbite increase, asymmetry Gingiva- appears dry Clinical Features : Clinical Features Maxillary anterior proclination and mandibular retroclination Anterior open bite Constriction of maxillary arch Posterior cross bite Pretreatment Considerations : Pretreatment Considerations Motive based approach Home environment and societal background Mothers presence and attention Inherent anxiety in child School and peer relationship Parents involvement in treatment Duration of breast feeding Use of physiological nipple Use of dummy or pacifier Treatment Considerations : Treatment Considerations Psychological status of the child Age factor Malocclusion Motivation of the child to stop the habit Parental concern regarding the habit Other factors Treatment : Treatment Observation 0-3 years; 4-8 years ( friendly reminders) Psychological therapy Awareness, possible problems, emotional support, reassurance, avoid nagging, behavior modification Reminder therapy Extraoral approaches Intraoral appliances- (> 8 years) Mechanotherapy Fixed intra-oral appliances, Blue grass appliance, Quad Helix TONGUE THRUSTING : TONGUE THRUSTING Infantile Swallow Pattern : Infantile Swallow Pattern Large tongue Lower jaw distal to upper anterior open bite Mandible stabilized by lips and facial muscles Minimal activity of mandibular elevators Transition to the adult swallow during the latter half of the first year of life Definitions of Tongue Thrusting : Definitions of Tongue Thrusting Brauer (1965) situation in which tongue was observed thrusting between and teeth did not close in centric occlusion during deglutition Tulley (1969) forward movement of the tongue tip between the teeth to meet the lower lip during deglutition and in sounds of speech, so that the tongue becomes interdental. Definitions of Tongue Thrusting : Definitions of Tongue Thrusting Barber (1975) oral habit pattern related to the persistence of an infantile swallow pattern during childhood and adolescence producing open bite and protrusion of anterior tooth segments Schneider (1982) forward placement of the tongue between the anterior teeth and against the lower lip during swallowing. Classification of Tongue Thrusting : Classification of Tongue Thrusting Physiologic Habitual Functional Anatomic Etiology of Tongue Thrusting : Etiology of Tongue Thrusting Retained infantile swallow Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Neurological disturbances Functional adaptability- transient change in anatomy Feeding practices Induced due to other habits Hereditary Tongue Size TYPES OF TONGUE THRUSTING : TYPES OF TONGUE THRUSTING ANTERIOR TONGUE THRUST LATERAL TONGUE THRUST Clinical Features : Clinical Features Extra-oral findings lip posture mandibular movements speech facial form Intraoral findings tongue movements tongue posture malocclusion Diagnosis of Tongue Thrusting : Diagnosis of Tongue Thrusting History Examination observation Simple tongue thrust Complex tongue thrust Lateral tongue thrust Treatment Considerations : Treatment Considerations Age Presence/ absence of associated manifestations Malocclusion Speech defects Associated with other defects Treatment of Tongue Thrusting : Treatment of Tongue Thrusting Create awareness Conscious Habit Retraining myofunctional exercises guiding appliances-nance palatal arch, pre-orthodontic trainer Speech therapy Mechanotherapy Treatment of Tongue Thrusting : Treatment of Tongue Thrusting Mechanotherapy removable appliance therapy fixed habit breaking appliance oral screen Correction of malocclusion Surgical treatment TREATMENT OF TONGUE THRUSTING : TREATMENT OF TONGUE THRUSTING MOUTH BREATHING : MOUTH BREATHING Definition : Definition Habitual respiration through the mouth instead of through the nose (Sossouni1971) Classification : Classification Obstructive mouth breathing Habitual mouth breathing Anatomical mouth breathing Etiology of mouth breathing : Etiology of mouth breathing Nasal obstruction Hypertrophy of nasal turbinates due to Allergies Chronic respiratory infections Pollution Hot and dry climatic conditions Hypertrophy of pharyngeal lymphoid tissue- tonsils and adenoids Etiology of mouth breathing : Etiology of mouth breathing Intranasal defects- deviated nasal septum Allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps Facial type – ectomorphs Genetic predisposition Short hypotonic or flaccid upper lip Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome Other habits Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Normal respiration Cleansing, humidification and moisturisation of inspired air Nasal resistance for proper functioning of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles Lubricates oesophagus Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing General effects- Pigeon chest deformity Low grade oesophagitis Altered blood gas levels Nose and associated structures Reduced ciliary activity Decreased sense of smell Poorly developed sinuses Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Focal infections Tonsils and adenoids External nares- disuse atrophy Slit like Collapse on inspiration Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Dento facial structures: Facial form –long face Increase anterior face height Increased mandibular plane angle Lips Slack lips ,open, everted lower lip Lip apart posture Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Dental effects Proclination and spacing of anterior teeth Constricted maxillary arch, posterior crossbites Decreased vertical overlap of anteriors Gingiva Inflammed gingival tissue in upper anterior region Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Mouth breathing gingivitis Constant drying and wetting Increased viscosity of saliva loss of cleansing action and resultant bacterial plaque deposits Gummy smile Speech-nasal tone Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Adenoid facies Frequently associated with mouth breathing Long narrow face-dolicofacial Expressionless face Flaccid lips, short upper lip Nares anteriorly placed narrow maxilla Diagnosis of mouth breathing : Diagnosis of mouth breathing History: Lip apart posture Frequent tonsillitis Repeated respiratory infections Allergic rhinitis Otitis media Diagnosis of mouth breathing : Diagnosis of mouth breathing Examination: Observe patient’s breathing - Lips apart Deep breathing-alae contract/ no change/ mouth breathing Hoarseness of voice Malocclusion Other associated habits Diagnosis of mouth breathing : Diagnosis of mouth breathing Clinical tests: Mirror test Butterfly test –Massler and Zwemmer Water holding test Rhinomanometry Cephalometrics Treatment considerations : Treatment considerations Age of the child ENT examination: Rule out or eliminate nasal obstruction Management of mouth breathing : Management of mouth breathing Eliminate cause Treat the gingiva Interception: Physical exercises Lip exercises Playing a wind instrument Appliance therapy : Appliance therapy Oral screen Pre orthodontic trainer Correction of malocclusion Slide 60: THANK YOU Definition of Mouth Breathing : Definition of Mouth Breathing Sassouni (1971) habitual respiration through the mouth instead of nose Merle (1980) suggested the term oro-nasal breathing instead of mouth breathing Classification of Mouth Breathing : Classification of Mouth Breathing Anatomic Obstructive Habitual Etiology of Mouth Breathing : Etiology of Mouth Breathing Nasal insufficiency Allergies, chronic infections Airway obstruction enlarged turbinates, deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, enlarged adenoids, short upper lip, bronchial tree obstruction, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, genetically predisposed individuals, thumb sucking Clinical features of Mouth Breathing : Clinical features of Mouth Breathing General effects purification of the inspired air pulmonary development lubrication of the esophagus blood gas constituents Slide 65: Effects on dentofacial structures facial form adenoid facies dental effects speech defects lip external nares gingiva other effects Diagnosis of Mouth Breathing : Diagnosis of Mouth Breathing History- tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, otitis media Examination- observation Clinical tests mirror test butterfly test water holding test inductive plethysmography cephalometrics Treatment Considerations of Mouth Breathing : Treatment Considerations of Mouth Breathing Age of the child self correction after puberty ENT examination correction of any pathological condition involving tonsils, adenoids or nasal septum. Treatment of Mouth Breathing : Treatment of Mouth Breathing Symptomatic treatment Elimination of the cause Interception of the habit physical exercises lip exercises maxillothorax myotherapy oral screen Correction of the malocclusion Class I oral shield appliance Class II monobloc activator Class III chin cap Slide 69: THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
oral habits in children dramanmoda Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2821 Category: Others/ Misc License: All Rights Reserved Like it (8) Dislike it (0) Added: September 08, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description There are some habits that develop in children that can cause malocclusion and other effects in the development of oral structures.the ways of prevention and treatment. Comments Posting comment... By: rosygera (9 month(s) ago) ur presenration is a comprehensive review of oral habits. kindly send me a link to download it at dr_rosygera@yahoo.co.in Thanx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bhanugalhotra (10 month(s) ago) plz send me the link for downloading this ppt.....at bhanugalhotra@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ammy4u (13 month(s) ago) please send me the link to download presentation my email id is ammy_foru@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: raghuneha (14 month(s) ago) hi Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sweetu_maitrey (15 month(s) ago) sir i wana download d presentation...my mail s sweetu_maitrey@yahoo.co.in Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript ORAL HABITS IN CHILDREN : ORAL HABITS IN CHILDREN DEFINITIONS : DEFINITIONS Dorland (1957) : fixed or constant practice established by frequent repetition Buttersworth (1961): frequent or constant practice or acquired tendency, which has been fixed by frequent repetition. Mathewson (1982): learned patterns of muscular contraction CLASSIFICATION : CLASSIFICATION OBSESSIVE Intentional or meaningful- nail,lip biting, digit sucking Masochistic or self inflicting- gingival stripping NON-OBSESSIVE Unintentional or empty- abnormal pillowing, chin propping Functional habits- mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, bruxism CLASSIFICATION : William James (1923) Useful habits- for survival of individual Harmful habits- mouth breathing, tongue thrusting Kinglsey (1958) Functional oral habits- mouth breathing Muscular habits-tongue thrusting Combined habit- thumb/ digit sucking Postural habits-chin propping CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION : Morris & Bohanna (1969) Pressure habits- digit sucking Non-pressure habits- mouth breathing Biting habits- nail, lip biting Ernst Klien (1971) Empty habits- unintentional Meaningful habits- intentional/ psychologic cause CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION : Finn (1987) Compulsive Non-compulsive Primary Secondary- digit sucking associated with pulling hair or holding blanket CLASSIFICATION DEVELOPMENT OF HABIT : DEVELOPMENT OF HABIT Newborn- neuromuscular immaturity- develops habit for survival Develops by repetition and learning Impulse transmission- later takes less time- no conscious effort required Five sources of unconscious pattern may lead to habit development Based on two theories- psychosexual and learning THUMB/ DIGIT SUCKING : THUMB/ DIGIT SUCKING THUMB/ DIGIT SUCKING(non-nutritive sucking) : THUMB/ DIGIT SUCKING(non-nutritive sucking) Sucking reflex 29 weeks of I.U. life first coordinated neuromuscular activity of infant psychological and nutritive needs met oral stage of development lasts for 3-3 1/2 years nutritive sucking nonnutritive sucking Classification of Thumb Sucking : Classification of Thumb Sucking Normal Abnormal Psychological Habitual Types (Subtelny, 1973) Type A- 50% Type B- 13-24% Type C- 18% Type D- 6% Clinical Stages in Development : Clinical Stages in Development Phase I- Normal or subclinically significant Phase II- Clinically significant sucking Phase III- Intractable sucking Etiology of Thumb Sucking : Etiology of Thumb Sucking Freudian theory (1905) Learning theory (Davidson, 1967) Oral drive theory (Sears and Wise, 1982) Johnson and Larson (1993) Associated Causative Factors : Associated Causative Factors Parents cooperation Working mother Number of siblings Order of birth of the child Social adjustment and stress Feeding practices Age of the child Variables affecting Thumb Sucking : Variables affecting Thumb Sucking Age Gender Race Pacifier Feeding methods Siblings Parental status Diagnosis of Thumb Sucking : Diagnosis of Thumb Sucking History Interview parents, children separately Frequency, intensity, duration Extraoral examination Digits- callus, clean dishpan thumb Lips- short, hypotonic upper lip; hyperactive lower lip Facial form - mandibular retrusion analysis maxillary protrusion, high mandibular plane angle, profile Other features- secondary habits Slide 17: Intraoral examination Tongue- size, position, action Dentoalveolar- maxillary proclination, structures buccal cross bite, overjet, overbite increase, asymmetry Gingiva- appears dry Clinical Features : Clinical Features Maxillary anterior proclination and mandibular retroclination Anterior open bite Constriction of maxillary arch Posterior cross bite Pretreatment Considerations : Pretreatment Considerations Motive based approach Home environment and societal background Mothers presence and attention Inherent anxiety in child School and peer relationship Parents involvement in treatment Duration of breast feeding Use of physiological nipple Use of dummy or pacifier Treatment Considerations : Treatment Considerations Psychological status of the child Age factor Malocclusion Motivation of the child to stop the habit Parental concern regarding the habit Other factors Treatment : Treatment Observation 0-3 years; 4-8 years ( friendly reminders) Psychological therapy Awareness, possible problems, emotional support, reassurance, avoid nagging, behavior modification Reminder therapy Extraoral approaches Intraoral appliances- (> 8 years) Mechanotherapy Fixed intra-oral appliances, Blue grass appliance, Quad Helix TONGUE THRUSTING : TONGUE THRUSTING Infantile Swallow Pattern : Infantile Swallow Pattern Large tongue Lower jaw distal to upper anterior open bite Mandible stabilized by lips and facial muscles Minimal activity of mandibular elevators Transition to the adult swallow during the latter half of the first year of life Definitions of Tongue Thrusting : Definitions of Tongue Thrusting Brauer (1965) situation in which tongue was observed thrusting between and teeth did not close in centric occlusion during deglutition Tulley (1969) forward movement of the tongue tip between the teeth to meet the lower lip during deglutition and in sounds of speech, so that the tongue becomes interdental. Definitions of Tongue Thrusting : Definitions of Tongue Thrusting Barber (1975) oral habit pattern related to the persistence of an infantile swallow pattern during childhood and adolescence producing open bite and protrusion of anterior tooth segments Schneider (1982) forward placement of the tongue between the anterior teeth and against the lower lip during swallowing. Classification of Tongue Thrusting : Classification of Tongue Thrusting Physiologic Habitual Functional Anatomic Etiology of Tongue Thrusting : Etiology of Tongue Thrusting Retained infantile swallow Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Neurological disturbances Functional adaptability- transient change in anatomy Feeding practices Induced due to other habits Hereditary Tongue Size TYPES OF TONGUE THRUSTING : TYPES OF TONGUE THRUSTING ANTERIOR TONGUE THRUST LATERAL TONGUE THRUST Clinical Features : Clinical Features Extra-oral findings lip posture mandibular movements speech facial form Intraoral findings tongue movements tongue posture malocclusion Diagnosis of Tongue Thrusting : Diagnosis of Tongue Thrusting History Examination observation Simple tongue thrust Complex tongue thrust Lateral tongue thrust Treatment Considerations : Treatment Considerations Age Presence/ absence of associated manifestations Malocclusion Speech defects Associated with other defects Treatment of Tongue Thrusting : Treatment of Tongue Thrusting Create awareness Conscious Habit Retraining myofunctional exercises guiding appliances-nance palatal arch, pre-orthodontic trainer Speech therapy Mechanotherapy Treatment of Tongue Thrusting : Treatment of Tongue Thrusting Mechanotherapy removable appliance therapy fixed habit breaking appliance oral screen Correction of malocclusion Surgical treatment TREATMENT OF TONGUE THRUSTING : TREATMENT OF TONGUE THRUSTING MOUTH BREATHING : MOUTH BREATHING Definition : Definition Habitual respiration through the mouth instead of through the nose (Sossouni1971) Classification : Classification Obstructive mouth breathing Habitual mouth breathing Anatomical mouth breathing Etiology of mouth breathing : Etiology of mouth breathing Nasal obstruction Hypertrophy of nasal turbinates due to Allergies Chronic respiratory infections Pollution Hot and dry climatic conditions Hypertrophy of pharyngeal lymphoid tissue- tonsils and adenoids Etiology of mouth breathing : Etiology of mouth breathing Intranasal defects- deviated nasal septum Allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps Facial type – ectomorphs Genetic predisposition Short hypotonic or flaccid upper lip Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome Other habits Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Normal respiration Cleansing, humidification and moisturisation of inspired air Nasal resistance for proper functioning of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles Lubricates oesophagus Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing General effects- Pigeon chest deformity Low grade oesophagitis Altered blood gas levels Nose and associated structures Reduced ciliary activity Decreased sense of smell Poorly developed sinuses Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Focal infections Tonsils and adenoids External nares- disuse atrophy Slit like Collapse on inspiration Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Dento facial structures: Facial form –long face Increase anterior face height Increased mandibular plane angle Lips Slack lips ,open, everted lower lip Lip apart posture Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Dental effects Proclination and spacing of anterior teeth Constricted maxillary arch, posterior crossbites Decreased vertical overlap of anteriors Gingiva Inflammed gingival tissue in upper anterior region Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Mouth breathing gingivitis Constant drying and wetting Increased viscosity of saliva loss of cleansing action and resultant bacterial plaque deposits Gummy smile Speech-nasal tone Clinical featuresof mouth breathing : Clinical featuresof mouth breathing Adenoid facies Frequently associated with mouth breathing Long narrow face-dolicofacial Expressionless face Flaccid lips, short upper lip Nares anteriorly placed narrow maxilla Diagnosis of mouth breathing : Diagnosis of mouth breathing History: Lip apart posture Frequent tonsillitis Repeated respiratory infections Allergic rhinitis Otitis media Diagnosis of mouth breathing : Diagnosis of mouth breathing Examination: Observe patient’s breathing - Lips apart Deep breathing-alae contract/ no change/ mouth breathing Hoarseness of voice Malocclusion Other associated habits Diagnosis of mouth breathing : Diagnosis of mouth breathing Clinical tests: Mirror test Butterfly test –Massler and Zwemmer Water holding test Rhinomanometry Cephalometrics Treatment considerations : Treatment considerations Age of the child ENT examination: Rule out or eliminate nasal obstruction Management of mouth breathing : Management of mouth breathing Eliminate cause Treat the gingiva Interception: Physical exercises Lip exercises Playing a wind instrument Appliance therapy : Appliance therapy Oral screen Pre orthodontic trainer Correction of malocclusion Slide 60: THANK YOU Definition of Mouth Breathing : Definition of Mouth Breathing Sassouni (1971) habitual respiration through the mouth instead of nose Merle (1980) suggested the term oro-nasal breathing instead of mouth breathing Classification of Mouth Breathing : Classification of Mouth Breathing Anatomic Obstructive Habitual Etiology of Mouth Breathing : Etiology of Mouth Breathing Nasal insufficiency Allergies, chronic infections Airway obstruction enlarged turbinates, deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, enlarged adenoids, short upper lip, bronchial tree obstruction, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, genetically predisposed individuals, thumb sucking Clinical features of Mouth Breathing : Clinical features of Mouth Breathing General effects purification of the inspired air pulmonary development lubrication of the esophagus blood gas constituents Slide 65: Effects on dentofacial structures facial form adenoid facies dental effects speech defects lip external nares gingiva other effects Diagnosis of Mouth Breathing : Diagnosis of Mouth Breathing History- tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, otitis media Examination- observation Clinical tests mirror test butterfly test water holding test inductive plethysmography cephalometrics Treatment Considerations of Mouth Breathing : Treatment Considerations of Mouth Breathing Age of the child self correction after puberty ENT examination correction of any pathological condition involving tonsils, adenoids or nasal septum. Treatment of Mouth Breathing : Treatment of Mouth Breathing Symptomatic treatment Elimination of the cause Interception of the habit physical exercises lip exercises maxillothorax myotherapy oral screen Correction of the malocclusion Class I oral shield appliance Class II monobloc activator Class III chin cap Slide 69: THANK YOU