logging in or signing up Biomech_of_Walking_and_Running dr_vishal_bpt Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 529 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: July 13, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 4 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: azward (10 month(s) ago) this is very use full for sports men to correct there running patterns, Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Biomechanics of GaitWalking : Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 2: Presented BY, :- Dr.Vishal B. Boricha (MPT, Sports) Biomechanics of GaitWalking : Applications Walking as a Critical Fundamental Movement Pattern Walking as a Recreational Activity Walking as a Modality for Rehabilitation Walking as a Competitive Sport Influence of Injury/Disease/Disability on Walking Aging Effects on Walking and Implications Independence Footwear Issues Energy Cost E. Muybridge Biomechanics of GaitWalking Describing the Gait Cycle : Describing the Gait Cycle Characteristics of Walking Cyclic Universal Pattern Bi-laterally symmetric Range of Speeds Adaptable to Varied Surfaces Efficient Biomechanics of GaitWalking Describing the Gait Cycle : Describing the Gait Cycle Phases of the Gait Cycle Stance Phase Initial Double Limb Support Single Limb Support Terminal Double Limb Support Swing Phase Initial Swing Terminal Swing Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 6: When we walk, what must happen ?? Control Forces Produce Resist Dissipate Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 7: Objectives Control Forces Maintain Balance Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 8: Objectives Resist/Dissipate Forces Maintain Balance Move Body in Intended Direction Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 9: Objectives Resist/Dissipate Forces Maintain Balance Move Body in Intended Direction Conserve Energy Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 10: Produce/Resist /Dissipate Force Source of Forces Gravity Muscle Contraction Inertia Magnitude of Forces Direction of Forces Vertical Fore/Aft Medial Lateral Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 11: Produce/Resist /Dissipate Force Forces produce moments (torques) that…. Cause rotations – Total Body Joint Segment Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 12: Maintain Balance The Issues – Dynamic Movement Influenced by external factors Single versus Double Support Depends on Multiple Systems Adaptations in Base of Support Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 13: Move Body in Intended Direction Re-Positioning of Center of Gravity Re-Positioning of Limb Segments Force Production applied to the ground Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 14: Conserve Energy The Six Determinants of Gait (Inman, et. al.) Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 15: Energy Expenditure = Work Done Work = Force x Distance Force = Mass x Acceleration Therefore – the amount of energy we expend is directly related to the amount of mass we move and the extent and speed of movement The Six Determinants of Gait Underlying Concept Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 16: Determinants of Gait Pelvic Rotation – transverse plane Lateral Pelvic Tilt – frontal plane Knee Flexion – during stance Ankle PF - at Toe Off Knee-Ankle-Foot Interaction Gait Width – frontal plane Biomechanics of GaitWalking Role of Foot Motion : Role of Foot Motion Objectives To aid in force dissipation To provide a mobile adapter To provide a rigid lever for propulsion Mechanism - Sub-talar Joint Motion A Tri-planar motion PF and DF Inversion/Eversion AB/ADduction Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 18: Lateral Side Medial Side At Ground Contact Contact Made on the Lateral Border of the Heel Foot is Supinated Foot is Rigid Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 19: Early Stance to MidStance Lateral Side Medial Side Foot is Pronated Foot is Mobile (flexible) Enhances Balance Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 20: Lateral Side Medial Side Late Stance to Toe-Off Foot is Supinated Foot is Rigid Enhances Propulsion Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 21: Pronation/Supination Issues: Too Little – Loss of force dissipation Loss of Mobility – Balance Stress Injury Too Much Relationship to Tibial Rotation Associated Patellar Tracking Issues Soft-Tissue Stress Control of Pronation/Supination Shoe Design Orthotics Muscle Strengthening – Posterior Tib Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 22: Biomechanics of GaitRunning Slide 23: As a component of competitive sport As a recreational activity As a stage of motor development As a cause of injury Running: Biomechanics of GaitRunning Slide 24: Velocity - Greater range than walking Kinematic Parameters - Increase in most Kinetic Parameters - Increase in some Energy Cost - Generally greater Phasic Differences……. Biomechanics of GaitRunning Differences between walking and running Biomechanics of RunningDifferences Between Walking and Running : Walking - Always a Double Support Phase No Flight Phase Walking Biomechanics of RunningDifferences Between Walking and Running Applied BiomechanicsBiomechanics of RunningDifferences Between Walking and Running : Walking - Always a Double Support Phase No Flight Phase Walking Running Running - Never a Double Support Phase Always a flight Phase Applied BiomechanicsBiomechanics of RunningDifferences Between Walking and Running RunningWhat’s Involved? : RunningWhat’s Involved? Project body vertically/horizontally Sufficient vertical/horizontal impulse Flight Dissipate impact Appropriate vertical/horizontal impulse Maintain balance in single support Re-position limbs How is Propulsion Produced? : How is Propulsion Produced? Propulsive Force Segment motion Newtons 3rd Transfer of Momentum Free leg Arms How is Momentum Dissipated? : How is Momentum Dissipated? Foot Mechanism Ankle Mechanism Knee Mechanism Shoe Mechanism Surface Mechanism Walking/Running ForcesGRF Differences : Walking/Running ForcesGRF Differences Walking Running Ground Reaction Forces in Running : Ground Reaction Forces in Running GRF’s Influenced by Velocity Vertical Displacement Shoes Surface GRF’s Influence Foot Pressures Joint Forces Joint Moments Impact Shock Braking/Propelling GRF in Running : Braking/Propelling GRF in Running M/L GRF in Running : M/L GRF in Running Running - Joint ROMAdaptations : Running - Joint ROMAdaptations Ankle Increased PF/DF Increased pronation/supination Knee Increased flexion in early stance and swing Hip Increased flexion and extension Pelvis Increased transverse plane rotation Arms Increased shoulder ROM Increased elbow flexion RearFoot Motion in Running : RearFoot Motion in Running Sub-talar Joint Motion Increases duration of impact - facilitates dissipation of momentum Locks/un-locks mid-foot - adaptation to terrain Provides rigidity for propulsion Dynamic Measurement - rearfoot angle Relationship between calcaneus and shank ***FootTrak*** Rearfoot Motion - Too Much…Too Little : Rearfoot Motion - Too Much…Too Little Running ShoesIssues : Running ShoesIssues Biomechanics of Running Issues? : Biomechanics of Running Issues? The Problem !!! Surface/Shoe Cushioning.. Versus.. Energy Cost Biomechanics of Running Issues? : Biomechanics of Running Issues? What Factors Influence Speed ??? Speed = Stride Length x Stride Rate Stride Length Anthropometric Factors Strength Flexibility Neuromuscular Factors Stride Rate Neuromuscular Factors Technique Can Running Speed be Improved ??? Yes !!!!!!! Biomechanics of Running Issues? : Biomechanics of Running Issues? What Factors Influence Energy Cost ??? Speed Vertical Displacement “Extra” Motion Optimum Stride Length…Stride Rate Relationship Can Running Efficiency be Improved ??? Yes……..but! Slide 41: Biomechanics of Running Issues? Injuries – A Biomechanical Origin Most running injuries have a biomechanical origin !! Issues – Force Inability to dissipate force Repetition Running InjuriesContributing Risk Factors : Running InjuriesContributing Risk Factors Intrinsic: Biomechanical abnormalities; Malalignment Muscle imbalance Lack of flexibility Muscle weakness Instability Extrisic: Training errors Equipment Environment Sports-imposed deficiencies Technique / Biomechanics Problems with TechniqueOver-Striding : Problems with TechniqueOver-Striding Problems with TechniquePronation –Eversion : Problems with TechniquePronation –Eversion Problems with TechniqueHip Instability : Problems with TechniqueHip Instability Problems with TechniqueLack Of Stiffness (Not Tall) : Problems with TechniqueLack Of Stiffness (Not Tall) Signs of Excessive Pronation : Signs of Excessive Pronation Extremely flat foot during weight bearing Medial whip Abducted forefoot Bunions and calluses Medial shoe wear Longer leg “Footprints in the sand” Signs of Excessive Supination : Signs of Excessive Supination Excessively high arch and weight bearing Increase lateral shoe wear Shorter leg The 10 Laws of Running Injuries : The 10 Laws of Running Injuries 1. Running injuries are not an act of God 2. Each injury progresses through 4 grades – 1 pain after exercise and only shortly there after – 2 discomfort-not yet pain-during exercise – 3 severe discomfort -now recognized as pain, and limits training and performance – 4 an injury so severe that prevents any attempts at running 10 Laws of Running Injuries Cont… : 10 Laws of Running Injuries Cont… 3. Each injury indicates a breakdown 4. Most true running injuries are curable 5. Sophisticated methods are seldom needed to diagnose injury 6. Treat the cause not the effect 7. Complete rest is seldom the most appropriate treatment 10 Laws of Running Injuries Cont… : 10 Laws of Running Injuries Cont… 8. Never accept as final the advice of a non-runner 9. Avoid surgery as a first line of defense 10. There is little evidence that recreational running causes osteoarthritis Injury Prevention : Injury Prevention An active warm-up is crucial Stretching (more important for those with deficiencies) Hold at least 30 seconds Avoid ballistic movements Keep running specific muscles strengthened Choose running surfaces wisely Avoid training errors Be smart…live to run another day Key Lower Extremity Muscles toStretch : Key Lower Extremity Muscles toStretch Hamstrings Quadriceps Hip rotators Hip flexors Groin ITB Calf (gastroc/soleus) Plantar fascia Key Lower Extremity Muscles toStrengthen : Key Lower Extremity Muscles toStrengthen Core strength is essential Hip flexors Quadriceps Hamstrings Gluteals Calf Foot intrinsics General strengthening is important however action specific strengthening is crucial Slide 58: THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Biomech_of_Walking_and_Running dr_vishal_bpt Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 529 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: July 13, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 4 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: azward (10 month(s) ago) this is very use full for sports men to correct there running patterns, Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Biomechanics of GaitWalking : Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 2: Presented BY, :- Dr.Vishal B. Boricha (MPT, Sports) Biomechanics of GaitWalking : Applications Walking as a Critical Fundamental Movement Pattern Walking as a Recreational Activity Walking as a Modality for Rehabilitation Walking as a Competitive Sport Influence of Injury/Disease/Disability on Walking Aging Effects on Walking and Implications Independence Footwear Issues Energy Cost E. Muybridge Biomechanics of GaitWalking Describing the Gait Cycle : Describing the Gait Cycle Characteristics of Walking Cyclic Universal Pattern Bi-laterally symmetric Range of Speeds Adaptable to Varied Surfaces Efficient Biomechanics of GaitWalking Describing the Gait Cycle : Describing the Gait Cycle Phases of the Gait Cycle Stance Phase Initial Double Limb Support Single Limb Support Terminal Double Limb Support Swing Phase Initial Swing Terminal Swing Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 6: When we walk, what must happen ?? Control Forces Produce Resist Dissipate Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 7: Objectives Control Forces Maintain Balance Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 8: Objectives Resist/Dissipate Forces Maintain Balance Move Body in Intended Direction Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 9: Objectives Resist/Dissipate Forces Maintain Balance Move Body in Intended Direction Conserve Energy Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 10: Produce/Resist /Dissipate Force Source of Forces Gravity Muscle Contraction Inertia Magnitude of Forces Direction of Forces Vertical Fore/Aft Medial Lateral Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 11: Produce/Resist /Dissipate Force Forces produce moments (torques) that…. Cause rotations – Total Body Joint Segment Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 12: Maintain Balance The Issues – Dynamic Movement Influenced by external factors Single versus Double Support Depends on Multiple Systems Adaptations in Base of Support Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 13: Move Body in Intended Direction Re-Positioning of Center of Gravity Re-Positioning of Limb Segments Force Production applied to the ground Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 14: Conserve Energy The Six Determinants of Gait (Inman, et. al.) Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 15: Energy Expenditure = Work Done Work = Force x Distance Force = Mass x Acceleration Therefore – the amount of energy we expend is directly related to the amount of mass we move and the extent and speed of movement The Six Determinants of Gait Underlying Concept Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 16: Determinants of Gait Pelvic Rotation – transverse plane Lateral Pelvic Tilt – frontal plane Knee Flexion – during stance Ankle PF - at Toe Off Knee-Ankle-Foot Interaction Gait Width – frontal plane Biomechanics of GaitWalking Role of Foot Motion : Role of Foot Motion Objectives To aid in force dissipation To provide a mobile adapter To provide a rigid lever for propulsion Mechanism - Sub-talar Joint Motion A Tri-planar motion PF and DF Inversion/Eversion AB/ADduction Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 18: Lateral Side Medial Side At Ground Contact Contact Made on the Lateral Border of the Heel Foot is Supinated Foot is Rigid Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 19: Early Stance to MidStance Lateral Side Medial Side Foot is Pronated Foot is Mobile (flexible) Enhances Balance Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 20: Lateral Side Medial Side Late Stance to Toe-Off Foot is Supinated Foot is Rigid Enhances Propulsion Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 21: Pronation/Supination Issues: Too Little – Loss of force dissipation Loss of Mobility – Balance Stress Injury Too Much Relationship to Tibial Rotation Associated Patellar Tracking Issues Soft-Tissue Stress Control of Pronation/Supination Shoe Design Orthotics Muscle Strengthening – Posterior Tib Biomechanics of GaitWalking Slide 22: Biomechanics of GaitRunning Slide 23: As a component of competitive sport As a recreational activity As a stage of motor development As a cause of injury Running: Biomechanics of GaitRunning Slide 24: Velocity - Greater range than walking Kinematic Parameters - Increase in most Kinetic Parameters - Increase in some Energy Cost - Generally greater Phasic Differences……. Biomechanics of GaitRunning Differences between walking and running Biomechanics of RunningDifferences Between Walking and Running : Walking - Always a Double Support Phase No Flight Phase Walking Biomechanics of RunningDifferences Between Walking and Running Applied BiomechanicsBiomechanics of RunningDifferences Between Walking and Running : Walking - Always a Double Support Phase No Flight Phase Walking Running Running - Never a Double Support Phase Always a flight Phase Applied BiomechanicsBiomechanics of RunningDifferences Between Walking and Running RunningWhat’s Involved? : RunningWhat’s Involved? Project body vertically/horizontally Sufficient vertical/horizontal impulse Flight Dissipate impact Appropriate vertical/horizontal impulse Maintain balance in single support Re-position limbs How is Propulsion Produced? : How is Propulsion Produced? Propulsive Force Segment motion Newtons 3rd Transfer of Momentum Free leg Arms How is Momentum Dissipated? : How is Momentum Dissipated? Foot Mechanism Ankle Mechanism Knee Mechanism Shoe Mechanism Surface Mechanism Walking/Running ForcesGRF Differences : Walking/Running ForcesGRF Differences Walking Running Ground Reaction Forces in Running : Ground Reaction Forces in Running GRF’s Influenced by Velocity Vertical Displacement Shoes Surface GRF’s Influence Foot Pressures Joint Forces Joint Moments Impact Shock Braking/Propelling GRF in Running : Braking/Propelling GRF in Running M/L GRF in Running : M/L GRF in Running Running - Joint ROMAdaptations : Running - Joint ROMAdaptations Ankle Increased PF/DF Increased pronation/supination Knee Increased flexion in early stance and swing Hip Increased flexion and extension Pelvis Increased transverse plane rotation Arms Increased shoulder ROM Increased elbow flexion RearFoot Motion in Running : RearFoot Motion in Running Sub-talar Joint Motion Increases duration of impact - facilitates dissipation of momentum Locks/un-locks mid-foot - adaptation to terrain Provides rigidity for propulsion Dynamic Measurement - rearfoot angle Relationship between calcaneus and shank ***FootTrak*** Rearfoot Motion - Too Much…Too Little : Rearfoot Motion - Too Much…Too Little Running ShoesIssues : Running ShoesIssues Biomechanics of Running Issues? : Biomechanics of Running Issues? The Problem !!! Surface/Shoe Cushioning.. Versus.. Energy Cost Biomechanics of Running Issues? : Biomechanics of Running Issues? What Factors Influence Speed ??? Speed = Stride Length x Stride Rate Stride Length Anthropometric Factors Strength Flexibility Neuromuscular Factors Stride Rate Neuromuscular Factors Technique Can Running Speed be Improved ??? Yes !!!!!!! Biomechanics of Running Issues? : Biomechanics of Running Issues? What Factors Influence Energy Cost ??? Speed Vertical Displacement “Extra” Motion Optimum Stride Length…Stride Rate Relationship Can Running Efficiency be Improved ??? Yes……..but! Slide 41: Biomechanics of Running Issues? Injuries – A Biomechanical Origin Most running injuries have a biomechanical origin !! Issues – Force Inability to dissipate force Repetition Running InjuriesContributing Risk Factors : Running InjuriesContributing Risk Factors Intrinsic: Biomechanical abnormalities; Malalignment Muscle imbalance Lack of flexibility Muscle weakness Instability Extrisic: Training errors Equipment Environment Sports-imposed deficiencies Technique / Biomechanics Problems with TechniqueOver-Striding : Problems with TechniqueOver-Striding Problems with TechniquePronation –Eversion : Problems with TechniquePronation –Eversion Problems with TechniqueHip Instability : Problems with TechniqueHip Instability Problems with TechniqueLack Of Stiffness (Not Tall) : Problems with TechniqueLack Of Stiffness (Not Tall) Signs of Excessive Pronation : Signs of Excessive Pronation Extremely flat foot during weight bearing Medial whip Abducted forefoot Bunions and calluses Medial shoe wear Longer leg “Footprints in the sand” Signs of Excessive Supination : Signs of Excessive Supination Excessively high arch and weight bearing Increase lateral shoe wear Shorter leg The 10 Laws of Running Injuries : The 10 Laws of Running Injuries 1. Running injuries are not an act of God 2. Each injury progresses through 4 grades – 1 pain after exercise and only shortly there after – 2 discomfort-not yet pain-during exercise – 3 severe discomfort -now recognized as pain, and limits training and performance – 4 an injury so severe that prevents any attempts at running 10 Laws of Running Injuries Cont… : 10 Laws of Running Injuries Cont… 3. Each injury indicates a breakdown 4. Most true running injuries are curable 5. Sophisticated methods are seldom needed to diagnose injury 6. Treat the cause not the effect 7. Complete rest is seldom the most appropriate treatment 10 Laws of Running Injuries Cont… : 10 Laws of Running Injuries Cont… 8. Never accept as final the advice of a non-runner 9. Avoid surgery as a first line of defense 10. There is little evidence that recreational running causes osteoarthritis Injury Prevention : Injury Prevention An active warm-up is crucial Stretching (more important for those with deficiencies) Hold at least 30 seconds Avoid ballistic movements Keep running specific muscles strengthened Choose running surfaces wisely Avoid training errors Be smart…live to run another day Key Lower Extremity Muscles toStretch : Key Lower Extremity Muscles toStretch Hamstrings Quadriceps Hip rotators Hip flexors Groin ITB Calf (gastroc/soleus) Plantar fascia Key Lower Extremity Muscles toStrengthen : Key Lower Extremity Muscles toStrengthen Core strength is essential Hip flexors Quadriceps Hamstrings Gluteals Calf Foot intrinsics General strengthening is important however action specific strengthening is crucial Slide 58: THANK YOU