Crusades to Constantinople

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From Crusades to the Conquest of Constantinople Mr Peal’s 6 th and 7 th period Ancient & Medieval History

1. The Abbasids brought Islam to all the lands south & east of the Mediterranean. : 

1. The Abbasids brought Islam to all the lands south & east of the Mediterranean. They allowed other people and religions within their empire. They protected the Holy Lands.

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Holy Lands The Holy Lands were an area that was important to Christians because Christ lived there. They were also very important to Jews and Muslims.

2. But then, the Seljuk Turks took over.: 

2. But then, the Seljuk Turks took over. They were nomads from Asia. They followed Islam. At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, they defeated the Orthodox Christian armies. Then, they began to make it difficult for Christians to visit the Holy Land.

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At the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 (circled on the map), the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire. The empire is shown in blue. The Seljuks were Islamic ; the Byzantines were Orthodox Christians . Holy Lands Byzantine Empire (Orthodox Christians)

3. So the Orthodox Christian ruler in Constantinople…: 

3. So the Orthodox Christian ruler in Constantinople… asked the Pope in Rome for help against the Seljuks . ( Constantinople was one of the largest cities in the world at the time.)

4. Pope Urban, in turn, asked the leaders of Christian Europe to “rescue” the Holy Land: 

4. Pope Urban, in turn, asked the leaders of Christian Europe to “rescue” the Holy Land Christian knights were happy to help! In return for fighting, they would receive land and the promise of heaven.

5. During the First Crusades, knights from Europe used violence to regain control of the area: 

5. During the First Crusades, knights from Europe used violence to regain control of the area They succeeded in regaining the land, for a while.

6. The Muslims fought back.: 

6. The Muslims fought back. Their general, Saladin, created a strong Islamic empire and defeated the Christians at the battle of Hattin in 1187. Jerusalem was taken from the Christians.

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Saladin’s Empire Saladin, Ruler of Jerusalem

7. The Christians didn’t give up: THIRD CRUSADE : 

7. The Christians didn’t give up: THIRD CRUSADE The Catholic Pope asked the kings of Europe to win back the Holy Lands. Richard the Lionhearted of England, Emperor Frederick of Germany, and King Philip of France all agreed. However, Frederick died on the way to the Holy Land. Philip and Richard didn’t get along. The whole effort failed.

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King Philip King Richard

8. Catholics in Europe set out on yet another Crusade in 1204: FOURTH CRUSADE: 

8. Catholics in Europe set out on yet another Crusade in 1204: FOURTH CRUSADE This time, they double crossed the Orthodox Christians. They decided to fight the Orthodox Christians instead. They conquered Constantinople!

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Constantinople Catholics attacked Orthodox (Christian) Constantinople!

9. Meanwhile…: 

9. Meanwhile… The Mongols , nomads from the east, took over most of Asia. Where the Christian crusaders failed, they succeeded. The Mongols destroyed the Seljuk Turks.

10. With the Seljuks out of the way…: 

10. With the Seljuks out of the way… …and the Orthodox Christians badly weakened by the Catholics and the Seljuks , a new group of Muslims came to power in the area: The Ottomans.

11. The Ottomans destroyed what was left of the Byzantine Empire: 

11. The Ottomans destroyed what was left of the Byzantine Empire …and in 1453 conquered Constantinople, the best fortified (strongest) city anywhere . The Ottomans kept expanding. They stayed in power until the time your grandparents were born! Constantinople - before the Ottomans got there

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Constantinople - after the Ottomans got there

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Ottoman Empire Spain

12. With Islam stronger than ever in the east, : 

12. With Islam stronger than ever in the east, Catholic Spain succeeded in expelling the Muslims and Jews from its country. The Crusades succeeded in the West, but failed in the East.

13. With the Ottomans in control in the east….: 

13. With the Ottomans in control in the east…. Catholic Spain sent Columbus to the west, across the Atlantic, to find a new path to Asia.

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You might say that, thanks to the Ottomans, Columbus discovered the New World!